Evidence for The Creation and Motion of Quantized Vortex Rings in Superfluid Helium

Anomalous translational velocity of vortex ring with finite-amplitude Kelvin waves

“…Vortex rings have indeed been central to superfluidity [7] since the pioneering experiments on the nucleation of quantized vorticity by moving ions [8], the early investigations into rotons as ghosts of vanished vortex rings [9], and the nature of the superfluid transition [10]. The current interest in superfluid vortex rings extends to the physics of cold atomic gases [11] and the discovery of new nonlinear solutions [12] of the Gross-Pitaevskii's nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) for a Bose-Einstein condensate.…”

Liquid 4He: Contributions to First Principles Theory. I. Quantized Vortices and Thermohydrodynamic Properties

“…(3.30). These plots show that the core energy is substantial compared to the external energy even for vortex rings having R as great as 10,000 Å, about the maximum size observed in experiments by Rayfield and Reif [60]. The velocity versus radius plot, shown in Fig.…”

“…Numerical evaluation of vortex ring energy V and velocity magnitude V for a set of R values was used to construct the velocity versus energy curve displayed in Rayfield and Reif [60] used semiclassical hydrodynamics formulas for a vortex ring having rotating solid core in comparing their results to theory, and they obtained a good fit to their experimental points. That model led them to a useful form for displaying their data and identifying important features of their observations.…”

Properties of Macroscopic Quantum Effects and Dynamic Natures of Electrons in Superconductors

“…The specific form of the trapping potential V (x') depends on the details of the experimental setup. Work on Bose-Einstein condensation based on the above model Hamiltonian were carried out and are reported by C. F. Barenghi et al [31]. It is not surprising to see that Eq.…”

“…Different systems have different critical temperatures of condensation. For example, the condensation temperature of a superconductor is its critical temperature c T , and from previous discussions [27][28][29][30][31][32]. From the above discussions on the properties of superconductors, and others we know that, even though the microscopic particles involved can be either Bosons or Fermions, those being actually condensed, are either Bosons or quasi-Bosons, since Fermions are bound as pairs.…”