Evidence for the existence of paraflagellar rod protein 2 (PFR2) gene in Trypanosoma evansi and its conservation among other kinetoplastid parasites

Abdille, Md.H.; Li, Shao Yong; Jia, Yonggen; Suo, Xun; Mkoji, Gerald M.

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2007.11.011

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The PFR is a lattice-like structure that runs parallel to the axoneme within the flagellar membrane. It has proximal, intermediate, and distal domains; its diameter is similar to that of the axoneme; it is anchored to the axoneme via connections to doublets 4 to 7 [12–14]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagellar Motility ofTrypanosoma cruziEpimastigotes

Ballesteros-Rodea

Santillán

Martínez‐Calvillo³

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology

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The hemoflagellate Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of American trypanosomiasis. Despite the importance of motility in the parasite life cycle, little is known about T. cruzi motility, and there is no quantitative description of its flagellar beating. Using video microscopy and quantitative vectorial analysis of epimastigote trajectories, we find a forward parasite motility defined by tip-to-base symmetrical flagellar beats. This motion is occasionally interrupted by base-to-tip highly asymmetric beats, which represent the ciliary beat of trypanosomatid flagella. The switch between flagellar and ciliary beating facilitates the parasite's reorientation, which produces a large variability of movement and trajectories that results in different distance ranges traveled by the cells. An analysis of the distance, speed, and rotational angle indicates that epimastigote movement is not completely random, and the phenomenon is highly dependent on the parasite behavior and is characterized by directed and tumbling parasite motion as well as their combination, resulting in the alternation of rectilinear and intricate motility paths.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flagellar Motility ofTrypanosoma cruziEpimastigotes

Ballesteros-Rodea

Santillán

Martínez‐Calvillo³

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology

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“…The procedure adopted in the present investigation for phylogenetic analysis of the PFR 2 gene of the T. evansi S.V.V.U. isolate was according to ABDILLE et al (2008) and SANJAY KUMAR et al (2013), who also constructed a phylogenetic tree based on the Neighbor-Joining method which showed close homology with other Trypanosomatidae species sequences with 100% bootstrap values. The NJ, bootstrap consensus tree inferred from 1000 replicates is taken to represent the evolutionary history of the taxa analysed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conformation of recombinant clone of the PFR 2 gene of T. evansi by colony-PCR. M -1 kb DNA Ladder; L1 to L6 -Colony -PCR product of the PFR 2 gene of T. evansi However, the T. evansi PFR 2 gene sequence reported byABDILLE et al (2008) from China showed 100% similarity with sequences of T. brucei (GenBank Accession No. XM842234) and T. brucei (GenBank Accession No.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cloning, expression and characterization of Trypanosoma evansi Paraflagellar Rod 2 gene

Sivajothi¹,

Rayulu²,

Kondaiah³

et al. 2019

Vet. arhiv

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Paraflagellar rod is the major structural component of the trypanosomatid flagellum and is identified as a complex lattice of filaments which runs parallel to the axoneme throughout most of the flagellar length. The present study was carried out to investigate the existence of the paraflagellar rod (PFR 2) gene in Trypanosoma evansi infecting Indian cattle. Local isolates of T. evansi collected from naturally infected cow were multiplied in Wistar rats. Complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized from the RNA of host cell free T. evansi parasites by reverse transcription. The gel purified PCR product (PFR 2 gene of T. evansi) was cloned into the pTZ57R/T vector system. The nucleotide sequence of the PFR 2 gene of the T. evansi S.V.V.U. isolate (Accession No. KT277497) obtained in the present study revealed 100% homology with T. evansi China isolate and 99% homology with T. evansi Izatnagar and Bikaner isolates. The recombinant protein was sub-cloned into pET 32a and expressed in the BL21 (DE3) pLysS expression system. The PFR 2 gene of T. evansi S.V.V.U. isolate was further characterized by determination of its protein profile with SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Indirect ELISA was optimized for detection of the specific antibody titre against the recombinant protein of the PFR 2 gene of T. evansi. In the kinetoplastid species the PFR 2 gene is highly conserved. Therefore the PFR 2 gene was suggested as a vaccine candidate, as well as a diagnostic antigen.

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“…The PFR1 and PFR2 genes from T. brucei, T. cruzi and Leishmania mexicana are highly conserved across species (over 80 % amino acid identity). Further it is interesting to note that both PFR1 and PFR2 proteins are components of native PFR antigen and do not share common B cell epitopes (Abdille et al 2008). Taking into consideration of the high sequence homology between the major components of PFR among trypanosomatids , we assumed that the PFR gene could be highly conserved among Trypanosoma species and could be used as a common vaccine candidate.…”

Section: Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So there is an urgent need to identify new effective drug and vaccine target. This has prompted researchers to find out invariant trypanosome components like PFR proteins universally present in the kinetoplastid flagellum as a potential drug and vaccine target (Taylor 1998;Abdille et al 2008). The restricted evolutionary distribution of the PFR structure and components compared to the more conserved structure and components of the axoneme makes the PFR a particularly valuable target possibility for therapeutic intervention (Reviewed by Portman and Gull 2010) against parasites such as T. cruzi (causing Chagas disease), African trypanosomes (responsible for nagana and sleeping sickness) and Leishmania spp.…”

Section: Role As a Vaccine Targetmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on kinetoplastid paraflagellar rod

2014

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Kinetoplastids, the evolutionary ancient organisms exhibit a rich and diverse biology which epitomizes many of the fascinating topics of recent interest and study. These organisms possess a multifunctional organelle, the flagellum containing a canonical 9 ? 2 axoneme which is involved in vital roles, viz. parasite cell division, morphogenesis, motility and immune evasion. Since Antony Van Leeuwenhoek's innovative explanation of 'little legs' helping the movements of microbes in 1975, this biological nanomachine has captured the thoughts of scientists. The core structure of kinetoplastid flagellum is embroidered with a range of extra-axonemal structures such as paraflagellar rod (PFR), a large lattice like structure which extends alongside the axoneme from the flagellar pocket to the flagellar tip. The coding sequences for significant components of PFR are highly conserved throughout the Kinetoplastida and Euglenida. The high order organization and restricted evolutionary distribution of the PFR components and structure makes the PFR a particularly valuable therapeutic and prophylactic target. This review focuses on the recent developments in identification of ultra structural components of PFR in order to understand the function of this intriguing organelle and devising strategies for therapeutic interventions.

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Evidence for the existence of paraflagellar rod protein 2 (PFR2) gene in Trypanosoma evansi and its conservation among other kinetoplastid parasites

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Flagellar Motility ofTrypanosoma cruziEpimastigotes

Flagellar Motility ofTrypanosoma cruziEpimastigotes

Cloning, expression and characterization of Trypanosoma evansi Paraflagellar Rod 2 gene

An overview on kinetoplastid paraflagellar rod

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