Evidence of Whooping-Cough-Vaccine Efficacy From the 1978 Whooping-Cough Epidemic in Hertfordshire

Church, M. A.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)91447-8

Cited by 44 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Although a Connaught laboratories Pw only had an efficacy of 36 or 48% compared with 84 or 85% for 3 and 5-component Pa in the pertussis clinical trials carried out in Sweden and Italy in the 1990s [1], [2], most good Pw have efficacy of 93–96% in children [3], [30], [31] and a UK Pw was significantly more protective than the three-component Pa in a randomized controlled trial [32]. Here we examined the relative roles of IFN-γ and IL-17 in clearance of B. pertussis from the respiratory tract of mice immunized with Pw.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used a plain (without alum) Pw reference preparation. Although most recent Pw are absorbed to alum, plain Pw, such as the one manufactured by Wellcome laboratories, were routinely used until the 1980s in many European countries and had high efficacy against pertussis [30], [33]. Furthermore, we have found that plain Pw induce similar immune responses and protection against infection as alum-absorbed Pw [12] [and Mills, unpublished].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relative Contribution of Th1 and Th17 Cells in Adaptive Immunity to Bordetella pertussis: Towards the Rational Design of an Improved Acellular Pertussis Vaccine

et al. 2013

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Whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis is a re-emerging infectious disease despite the introduction of safer acellular pertussis vaccines (Pa). One explanation for this is that Pa are less protective than the more reactogenic whole cell pertussis vaccines (Pw) that they replaced. Although Pa induce potent antibody responses, and protection has been found to be associated with high concentrations of circulating IgG against vaccine antigens, it has not been firmly established that host protection induced with this vaccine is mediated solely by humoral immunity. The aim of this study was to examine the relative contribution of Th1 and Th17 cells in host immunity to infection with B. pertussis and in immunity induced by immunization with Pw and Pa and to use this information to help rationally design a more effective Pa. Our findings demonstrate that Th1 and Th17 both function in protective immunity induced by infection with B. pertussis or immunization with Pw. In contrast, a current licensed Pa, administered with alum as the adjuvant, induced Th2 and Th17 cells, but weak Th1 responses. We found that IL-1 signalling played a central role in protective immunity induced with alum-adsorbed Pa and this was associated with the induction of Th17 cells. Pa generated strong antibody and Th2 responses, but was fully protective in IL-4-defective mice, suggesting that Th2 cells were dispensable. In contrast, Pa failed to confer protective immunity in IL-17A-defective mice. Bacterial clearance mediated by Pa-induced Th17 cells was associated with cell recruitment to the lungs after challenge. Finally, protective immunity induced by an experimental Pa could be enhanced by substituting alum with a TLR agonist that induces Th1 cells. Our findings demonstrate that alum promotes protective immunity through IL-1β-induced IL-17A production, but also reveal that optimum protection against B. pertussis requires induction of Th1, but not Th2 cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Contribution of Th1 and Th17 Cells in Adaptive Immunity to Bordetella pertussis: Towards the Rational Design of an Improved Acellular Pertussis Vaccine

et al. 2013

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“…17,28,32,33 Previous studies also demonstrated that most good WPVs had efficacy of 93-96% in children and a UK WPVs was significantly more protective than the 3-components purified APVs in a randomized controlled trial. [34][35][36] This has been attributed to the induction of Th1 cells by WPVs. 30 The mechanism of immunity against B. pertussis involves both humoral and cellular immune responses but not directed against a single protective antigen in an aerosol challenge model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of co-purified acellular pertussis vaccines

Tan

Asokanathan

et al. 2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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These authors contributed equally to this work.Keyword: Co-purified acellular pertussis vaccines, immune responses, protection, proteomic analysis Abbreviations: WPVs, whole-cell pertussis vaccines; APVs, acellular pertussis vaccines; PT, pertussis toxin; FHA, filamentous hemagglutinin; 2-DE, 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis; PRN, pertactin; FIM, fimbriae; BipA, putative outer membrane ligand binding protein; Sbp, sulfate-binding protein precursor; sphB1, autotransporter subtilisin-like protease; bvg, Bordetella virulence regulon; SHD, single human doseWhole-cell pertussis vaccines (WPVs) have been completely replaced by the co-purified acellular vaccines (APVs) in China. To date few laboratory studies were reported for co-purified APVs in terms of their antigenic composition and protective immune responses. To further understand the antigenic composition in co-purified APVs, in the present study 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomic technology was used to analyze the composition of copurified APVs. The results showed that besides the main antigens pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), co-purified APVs also contained pertactin (PRN), fimbriae (FIM) 2and3 and other minor protein antigens. Of the 9 proteins identified, 3 were differentially presented in products from manufacturer 1 and manufacturer 2. Compared with WPVs and purified APVs, co-purified APVs induced a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response with more toward to a Th1 response than the purified APVs in this study. These results hint that different immune mechanisms might be involved in protection induced by co-purified and purified APVs.

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“…A local study in Hertfordshire showed that it conferred 92% protection in children under 4 years. 12 Although the case fatality rate was lower than in any previous epidemic, a decline which has been evident since the 1940s,'0 morbidity in the next few years will probably resemble that of the 1950s unless infant immunisation acceptance rates improve substantially. 3).…”

Section: Food Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 91%

Changing patterns of communicable disease in England and Wales. Part III--Increasing infectious diseases.

Galbraith¹,

Forbes²,

Mayon-White³

1980

BMJ

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Evidence of Whooping-Cough-Vaccine Efficacy From the 1978 Whooping-Cough Epidemic in Hertfordshire

Cited by 44 publications

References 4 publications

Relative Contribution of Th1 and Th17 Cells in Adaptive Immunity to Bordetella pertussis: Towards the Rational Design of an Improved Acellular Pertussis Vaccine

Relative Contribution of Th1 and Th17 Cells in Adaptive Immunity to Bordetella pertussis: Towards the Rational Design of an Improved Acellular Pertussis Vaccine

Characterization of co-purified acellular pertussis vaccines

Changing patterns of communicable disease in England and Wales. Part III--Increasing infectious diseases.

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