Evidence that the Echinococcus granulosus G6 genotype has an affinity for the brain in humans

Sadjjadi, Seyed Mahmoud; Mikaeili, Fattaneh; Karamian, Mehdi; Maraghi, Sharif; Sadjjadi, Fatemeh Sadat; Shariat-Torbaghan, Siamak; Kia, Eshrat Beigom

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.06.008

Cited by 79 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For example, cysts belonging to the cervid genotype (G8) have been reported to most frequently localize in the lung, tend to grow slowly, and are less likely to cause complications (13). A recent case series suggested that E. canadensis G6 might have a higher affinity for the human brain (14).…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystic Echinococcosis

2016

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Echinococcosis is one of the 17 neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) recognized by the World Health Organization. The two major species of medical importance are Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. E. granulosus affects over 1 million people and is responsible for over $3 billion in expenses every year. In this minireview, we discuss aspects of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis or cystic hydatid disease caused by E. granulosus.

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Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cystic Echinococcosis

2016

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“…was characterised by a benign course of disease (Wilson et al, 1968) and cysts of E. canadensis G7 were found to be smaller and more frequently asymptomatic compared to those caused by E. granulosus s.s. (Schneider et al, 2010). However, aggressive disease was reported from a case with confirmed G8 infection , and recently an affinity of E. canadensis G6 for the brain was suggested (Sadjjadi et al, 2013). Geographically, the G6/7 cluster is spread worldwide with the exception of Australia, eastern Asia and North America; the numerous records of molecularly characterised isolates in livestock have been recently reviewed (Cardona and Carmena, 2013).…”

Section: Echinococcus Canadensismentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato

Römig

Ebi

Wassermann

2015

Veterinary Parasitology

252

207

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Echinococcus granulosus, formerly regarded as a single species with a high genotypic and phenotypic diversity, is now recognised as an assemblage of cryptic species, which differ considerably in morphology, development, host specificity (including infectivity/pathogenicity for humans) and other aspects. This diversity is reflected in the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes and has led to the construction of phylogenetic trees and hypotheses on the origin and geographic dispersal of various taxa. Based on phenotypic characters and gene sequences, E. granulosus (sensu lato) has by now been subdivided into E. granulosus sensu stricto (including the formerly identified genotypic variants G1-3), Echinococcus felidis (the former 'lion strain'), Echinococcus equinus (the 'horse strain', genotype G4), Echinococcus ortleppi (the 'cattle strain', genotype G5) and Echinococcus canadensis. The latter species, as recognised here, shows the highest diversity and is composed of the 'camel strain', genotype G6, the 'pig strain', genotype G7, and two 'cervid strains', genotypes G8 and G10. There is debate whether the closely related G6 and G7 should be placed in a separate species, but more morphological and biological data are needed to support or reject this view. In this classification, the application of rules for zoological nomenclature led to the resurrection of old species names, which had before been synonymised with E. granulosus. This nomenclatural subdivision of the agents of cystic echinococcosis (CE) may appear inconvenient for practical applications, especially because molecular tools are needed for identification of the cyst stage, and because retrospective data on 'E. granulosus' are now difficult to interpret without examination of voucher specimens. However, the increased awareness for the diversity of CE agents - now emphasised by species names rather than genotype numbers - has led to a large number of recent studies on this issue and a rapid increase of knowledge on geographical spread, host range and impact on human health of the various species. E. granulosus s.s., often transmitted by sheep, is now clearly identified as the principal CE agent affecting humans. Contrary to previous assumptions, genotypes G6/7 of E. canadensis readily infect humans, although CE incidences are rather low where E. canadensis predominates. Sub-Saharan Africa seems to be the region with the highest diversity of Echinococcus, and wild carnivores may play a more important role in the lifecycles of various species than previously assumed. Still, a number of issues remain unclear, e.g. possibly diverging parameters of diagnostic tests among the species, different responses to vaccines and, importantly, possibly required modifications of clinical management due to differences in pathogenicity.

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“…The treatment of this infection consists of surgical intervention, medical treatment, and chemotherapy (19,20,21,22).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain hydatidosis: review of the literature

Maraby-Salgado¹,

Mo-Carrascal²,

Aquino-Matus³

et al. 2017

Romanian Neurosurgery

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Hydatidosis is a common disease worldwide. The causal agent may compromise any Organ of the body, the cerebral location is infrequent. The infection is caused by the larval form of Cestodo Echinococcus granulosus. The man is an accidental intermediary host for food consumption or water contaminated with eggs present in animal feces. We present a review of the literature. At the imaging level, the disease has a classic characteristic consisting of single, usually unilocular and less frequent multilocular, intra-axial and more frequently hemispheric cerebral lesions, compromising the vascular territory of the middle cerebral artery by the hematogenous dissemination of the parasite.

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Evidence that the Echinococcus granulosus G6 genotype has an affinity for the brain in humans

Cited by 79 publications

References 25 publications

Cystic Echinococcosis

Cystic Echinococcosis

Taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato

Brain hydatidosis: review of the literature

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