Evoked Potentials: How? What? and Why?

Picton, Terence W.; Hink, Robert F.

doi:10.1080/00029238.1974.11080979

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Averaging efficiency has been examined previously for onset responses (Hyde and Blair, 1981: Picton et al, 1977; 1983; 1984) and an inter-onset interval of 1–2 seconds was recommended as most efficient. In this study, the ALT strategy, which involved a 1 second interval between repetitions of the same direction of acoustic change, was most efficient for the ACC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stimulus Presentation Strategies for Eliciting the Acoustic Change Complex: Increasing Efficiency

et al. 2010

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Objective The purpose was to compare four strategies for stimulus presentation in terms of their efficiency when generating a speech-evoked cortical acoustic change complex (ACC) in adults and children. Design Ten normally hearing adults (ages 22 to 31 years) and nine normally hearing children (ages six to nine years) served as participants. The ACC was elicited using a 75 dB SPL synthetic vowel containing 1000 Hz changes of second formant frequency, creating a change of perceived vowel between /u/ and /i/. The ACC was recorded from Cz using four stimulus formats: interrupted presentation of a one-second stimulus containing a single change from /u/ to /i/ using a two-second inter-onset interval.interrupted presentation of the same stimulus using a one-second inter-onset interval.interrupted presentation of a 1.5-second stimulus containing a change from /u/ to /i/ followed by a reverse change from /i/ to /u/, using a two-second inter-onset interval.continuous presentation of a stimulus alternating between /u/ and /i/ using a one-second repetition interval. ACC magnitude was expressed as the standard devation of the voltage waveform within a window believed to span the ACC. Noise magnitude was estimated from the variances at each sampling point in the same window. Efficiency was expressed in terms of the ACC-to-noise magnitude ratio divided by testing time. Results ACC magnitude was not significantly different for the two directions of second formant change. Reducing inter-onset interval from two seconds to one second increased efficiency by a factor close to two. Combining data from the two directions of change increased efficiency further, by a factor approximating the square root of two. Conclusion Continuous alternating stimulus presentation is more efficient than interrupted stimulus presentation in eliciting the ACC. The benefits of eliminating silent periods and doubling the number of acoustic changes presented in a given time period, are not seriously offset by a reduction in rms response amplitude, at least in young adults and in children as young as 6 years old.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As indicated earlier, efficiency was defined for present purposes as the ACC-to-Noise ratio divided by testing time (Hyde and Blair, 1981; Picton et al, 1977; 1983; 1984). The latter was the inter-onset interval multiplied by the number of sweeps, in this case 500.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus Presentation Strategies for Eliciting the Acoustic Change Complex: Increasing Efficiency

et al. 2010

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“…The Nyquist frequency is equal to half of the sampling rate. Any frequency components above the Nyquist frequency can alias, resulting in frequency components that were not in the original signal (Picton, Hink, Perez-Abalo, Linden & Wiens, 1984). For example, for a 500 Hz sampling rate, any energy greater than 250 Hz could potentially alias.…”

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confidence: 99%

Artifactual Responses When Recording Auditory Steady-State Responses

Small

Stapells

2004

Ear and Hearing

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Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate, in hearing-impaired participants who could not hear the stimuli, the possibility of artifactual auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) when stimuli are presented at high intensities.Design: ASSRs to single (60 dB HL) and multiple (20 to 50 dB HL; 500 to 4000 Hz) bone-conduction stimuli as well as single 114 to 120 dB HL air-conduction stimuli, were obtained using the Rotman MASTER system, using analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion rates of 500, 1000, and 1250 Hz. Responses (p < 0.05) were considered artifactual when their numbers exceeded that expected by chance. In some conditions, we also obtained ASSRs to "alternated" stimuli (stimuli inverted and ASSRs to the two polarities averaged). A total of 17 subjects were tested. Conclusions: High-intensity air-or bone-conduction stimuli can produce spurious ASSRs, especially for 500 and 1000 Hz carrier frequencies. High-amplitude stimulus artifact can result in energy that is aliased to exactly the modulation frequency. Choice of signal conditioning (electroencephalogram filter slope and low-pass cutoff) and processing (A/D rate) can avoid spurious responses due to aliasing. However, artifactual responses due to other causes may still occur for bone-conduction stimuli 50 dB HL and higher (and possibly for high-level air conduction). Because the phases of these spurious responses do not invert with inversion of stimulus, the possibility of nonauditory physiologic responses cannot be ruled out. The clinical implications of these results are that artifactual responses may occur for any patient for bone-conduction stimuli at levels greater than 40 dB HL and for highintensity air-conduction stimuli used to assess patients with profound hearing loss. Results

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“…Improvement of biosensor performance reduces signal conditioning. Within this context, in the present report we describe an easy, high performance technique for the preparation of glass pipettecarbon fiber microelectrodes to be used for electrophysiological recordings (with considerable spatial resolution) and more specifically for auditory-evoked potentials (AEP) (3,4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Glass pipette-carbon fiber microelectrodes for evoked potential recordings

Moraes

García-Cairasco

1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Current methods for recording field potentials with tungsten electrodes make it virtually impossible to use the same recording electrode also as a lesioning electrode, for example for histological confirmation of the recorded site, because the lesioning procedure usually wears off the tungsten tip. Therefore, the electrode would have to be replaced after each lesioning procedure, which is a very high cost solution to the problem. We present here a low cost, easy to make, high quality glass pipette-carbon fiber microelectrode that shows resistive, signal/noise and electrochemical coupling advantages over tungsten electrodes. Also, currently used carbon fiber microelectrodes often show problems with electrical continuity, especially regarding electrochemical applications using a carbon-powder/resin mixture, with consequent low performance, besides the inconvenience of handling such a mixture. We propose here a new method for manufacturing glass pipette-carbon fiber microelectrodes with several advantages when recording intracerebral field potentials.

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Evoked Potentials: How? What? and Why?

Cited by 28 publications

References 72 publications

Stimulus Presentation Strategies for Eliciting the Acoustic Change Complex: Increasing Efficiency

Stimulus Presentation Strategies for Eliciting the Acoustic Change Complex: Increasing Efficiency

Artifactual Responses When Recording Auditory Steady-State Responses

Glass pipette-carbon fiber microelectrodes for evoked potential recordings

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