Evolução da prevalência de parasitoses intestinais em escolares em Caxias do Sul, RS

Abstract

Relatos da prevalência das parasitoses intestinais no Brasil são pontuais e têm sido descritos em diferentes populações, tornando difícil um diagnóstico abrangente. Visando estudar a variação em 35 anos da prevalência de enteroparasitoses em escolares de Caxias do Sul, RS, foram avaliados 9.787 exames parasitológicos de fezes realizados por centrífugo-sedimentação. Resultaram positivas 5.655 (58%) amostras sendo mais prevalente a infestação por Ascaris lumbricoides (47%), Trichuris trichiura (36%), Enterobius vermicularis (8%) e os protozoários: Giardia lamblia (24%) e Entamoeba coli (20%). A prevalência geral diminuiu de 89% para 37%, com um decréscimo médio de 1,4% ao ano. Houve redução na prevalência de Ascaris lumbricoides de 61 para 26% e de Trichuris trichiura de 38 a 18%. Para Giardia lamblia não houve alteração significativa. A prevalência de Entamoeba coli cresceu de 29 a 46%. Os decréscimos obtidos na prevalência dos helmintos são provavelmente devidos às melhorias da infra-estrutura e às ações formativas desenvolvidas nas escolas.

Enteroparasitosis and their ethnographic relationship to food handlers in a tourist and economic center in Paraná, Southern Brazil

“…The low occurrence of helminths in relation to protozoans observed in the present study, as also found by other investigators 3,13,20 , may indicate changes in the profile of intestinal parasites. This difference may be related to the use of self-medication for helminths, which may fail to eliminate protozoans and also lead to the appearance of immune-mediated diseases (colitis, reactive airway disease, encephalitis and diabetes), since the loss of natural helminth exposure removes a universal Th2 and regulatory immune effect imparted by these organisms (ELLIOTT et al 6 ; MULCAHY et al 11 ).…”

“…E. nana predominated among cooks and kitchen helpers, bakers and confectioners, and school food servers; whereas B. hominis predominated among mobile vendors. A recent study 3 reported that over a 35-year period, the prevalence of E. coli and E. nana increased in relation to the other intestinal parasites. This increase may be related to the mode of transmission via infective cysts in feces, which may allow interpersonal contamination even in environments with good sanitation.…”

“…This difference may be related to the use of self-medication for helminths, which may fail to eliminate protozoans and also lead to the appearance of immune-mediated diseases (colitis, reactive airway disease, encephalitis and diabetes), since the loss of natural helminth exposure removes a universal Th2 and regulatory immune effect imparted by these organisms (ELLIOTT et al 6 ; MULCAHY et al 11 ). According to BASSO et al 3 decreases in helminth prevalence are related to improvements in public health, sanitation, housing, and education.…”

Parasitoses Intestinais Em Usuários Do Sus Em Limoeiro Do Norte, Ceará, Antes De Expansão De Sistema De Esgotamento Sanitário

“…Basso et al (2008), em Caxias do Sul, RS, encontrou prevalência maior, variando de 89% a 37%.Os autores ainda verificaram que as melhorias sanitárias no decorrer de 35 anos induziram uma redução de 1,4% ao ano na prevalência.…”

Children's Environment in Brazil: From Domestic (Indoor) to Regional Threats

“…The association between the prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases with socioeconomic and environmental factors was reported in the most of researches like: children from slums [71] or residing in townships with a low HDI in the N and NE regions, especially in rural areas [74]; households with no proper waste management and no solid residue collection [78]; the unhealthy condition to which this population is subjected [72,87], with a direct relationship with low maternal schooling [81,95] and low income family [80,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91]95]. The higher prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Giardia duodenalis, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm infections in children living in contaminated environments [75,90,92,93] with inadequate daily caloric intake [94] may result in hospitalizations due to diarrheal disease [79], compromising their future anthropometric status [76,94].…”