Evolution of Advanced Life Support Architectures Throughout the Exploration Spirals: A Midterm Review

Vegetable production facility as a part of a closed life support system in a Russian Martian space flight scenario

“…ESM calculations (Johnson et al, 2005) demonstrated that, as applied to the Martian mission, the most appropriate biological LSS could be a combination of the regenerative physical/chemical LSS and a plant growth facility producing from 5% to 25% of required vegetables for the crewmembers. In missions from 500 to 1000 days, ESM for the LSS closed by 85% in terms of food will rise substantially.…”