Evolution of kdr haplotypes in worldwide populations of Aedes aegypti: Independent origins of the F1534C kdr mutation

Cosme, Luciano V.; Gloria‐Soria, Andrea; Caccone, Adalgisa; Powell, Jeffrey R.; Martins, Ademir Jesús

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008219

Cited by 55 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Recent studies carried out in the Asian region showed high frequencies of 1534C mutant allele when compared with the frequency of 989P + 1016G mutant alleles reported [41]. It has been also suggested that F1534C mutation have multiple origins and in Asian populations V1016G mutant haplotype and S989P + V1016G haplotype have emerged from a F1534C haplotype [42]. Our analysis of Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Resistance to commonly used insecticides and underlying mechanisms of resistance in Aedes aegypti (L.) from Sri Lanka

et al. 2020

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Background: Drastic increases of dengue fever (DF) over the past few years have prompted studies on the development of resistance to insecticides in the mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus). In Sri Lanka control of the vector population is essentially achieved using larvicides (temephos) and adulticides (principally pyrethroids). The present study investigates resistance to commonly used insecticides and underlying mechanisms of Ae. aegypti in selected sites in Sri Lanka. Methods: In this study, susceptibility to three commonly used adulticides (malathion, permethrin and deltamethrin) and the larvicide temephos were tested for Ae. aegypti sampled from five localities in Sri Lanka using WHO dose diagnostics tests. In addition, we performed dose-response tests for permethrin to determine lethal concentrations (LCs) with CDC bottle bioassays. An assessment of the activity of metabolic detoxifying enzymes (multifunction oxidases (MFOs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and esterases) and determination of frequency of the kdr mutations (F1534C, V1016G and S989P) were also carried out to ascertain the associated resistance mechanisms. Kdr genotype frequencies were compared with samples collected from the same sites in 2015 to determine the change of allele frequencies over the years. Results: The present study revealed resistance in all Ae. aegypti populations studied, with low mortality percentages for both permethrin (10-89%) and deltamethrin (40-92%). Dose response tests revealed highest resistance ratios (RR) for permethrin and temephos from Colombo district whereas Puttalum district exhibited the lowest. High frequencies of the 1534C allele (0.052-0.802) were found in the study sites in 2017. Comparison with samples collected in 2015 revealed a substantial increase in this allele. The activity of MFOs and p-nitro phenyl-acetate esterase was significantly greater in most Sri Lankan populations in comparison to that of the New Orleans (NO) susceptible strain. In contrast, the activity of α-esterase and β-esterase was similar or lower than that in the NO strain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Resistance to commonly used insecticides and underlying mechanisms of resistance in Aedes aegypti (L.) from Sri Lanka

et al. 2020

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“…The kdr Na V R1 allele (1016Val + 1534Cys kdr ) was present in all Brazilian populations evaluated here, and fixed in one of them. This was probably the first kdr allele to spread in Latin America 20 and is present in at least two haplotypes of independent phylogenetic origins 17 . kdr Na V R2 (1016Ile kdr + 1534Cys kdr ) confers a higher level of resistance to pyrethroids compared to Na V R1 17 , which may explain why Na V R2 frequency is rapidly increasing compared to the wild-type Na V S and kdr Na V R1 alleles, as observed in Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…aegypti populations worldwide. The Phe to Cys substitution in the 1534 site (F1534C) is found in populations from the Americas, Africa and Asia, whilst the wild-type Val is substituted by Ile (V1016I) in the 1016 site in American populations and by Gly (V1016G) in Asian populations 17 – 20 . Additional alterations have also been reported, such as the Pro to Ser substitution in the 989 (P989S) and Val to Leu in the 410 position (V410L), respectively, in Asian and Latin American populations 4 , 17 , 21 , 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kdr genotyping in Aedes aegypti from Brazil on a nation-wide scale from 2017 to 2018

Costa

Campos

Brito

et al. 2020

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insecticide resistance is currently a threat to the control of Aedes agypti, the main vector of arboviruses in urban centers. Mutations in the voltage gated sodium channel (Na V), known as kdr (knockdown resistance), constitute an important selection mechanism for resistance against pyrethroids. in the present study, we investigated the kdr distribution for the Val1016Ile and Phe1534Cys alterations in Ae. aegypti from 123 Brazilian municipalities, based on SNP genotyping assays in over 5,500 mosquitoes. The alleles Na V S (1016Val + + 1534Phe +), Na V R1 (1016Val + + 1534Cys kdr) and Na V R2 (1016Ile kdr + 1534Cys kdr) were consistently observed, whereas kdr alleles have rapidly spread and increased in frequency. Na V S was the less frequent allele, mostly found in northeastern populations. the highest allelic frequencies were observed for Na V R1, especially in the North, which was fixed in one Amazonian population. The double kdr Na V R2 was more prevalent in the central-west and Southeastern populations. We introduce the 'kdr index', which revealed significant spatial patterns highlighting two to three distinct Brazilian regions. The 410L kdr mutation was additionally evaluated in 25 localities, evidencing that it generally occurs in the Na V R2 allele. this nationwide screening of a genetic mechanism for insecticide resistance is an important indication on how pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti is evolving in Brazil. The number of dengue cases in Brazil totaled over 1.9 million records between 2016 and 2018. During the same period, the recent additional chikungunya and Zika arbovirus epidemics were responsible for around 540 and 240 thousand cases, respectively, according to Ministry of Health official bulletins 1. Failure in the control of Aedes aegypti, so far considered the primary vector of the aforementioned arboviruses in Brazil, is considered the main reason for the increase in these records. Despite a series of studies evidencing arbovirus transmission by Brazilian Aedes albopictus populations, this species probably acts as a secondary urban vector, mostly significant in maintaining arbovirus circulation during inter-epidemic seasons and in rural regions 2,3. The measures for controlling the density of Aedes mosquitoes largely rely on insecticides. However, their intense use has been, increasingly, selecting resistant populations at a global scale 4. This is also true in Brazil, where an extensive insecticide resistance monitoring system has tracked the susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti populations since 1999 5,6. Organophosphate application has been intensified since the 1980s, substituted by insect growth regulators and pyrethroids two decades later, against larvae and adults, respectively, given the confirmation of resistance to the larvicide temephos 7. However, pyrethroid resistance was also confirmed a few years later 8 .

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“…More recently, Ae. aegypti kdr haplotype analysis has confirmed that the Val1016/Cys1534 haplotype is found worldwide, while the Ile1016/Cys1534 haplotype is found only in the Americas (Cosme et al, 2020; Fan et al, 2020). This implies that both widely-dispersed and geographically constrained haplotypes contribute to the wide-spread pyrethroid resistance observed in Ae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Rapid Evolution of Knockdown Resistance Haplotypes in Response to Pyrethroid Selection inAedes aegypti

Baltzegar

Vella

Gunning

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This study describes the evolution of knockdown resistance (kdr) haplotypes in Aedes aegypti in response to pyrethroid insecticide use over the course of 18 years in Iquitos, Peru. Based on the duration and intensiveness of sampling (~10,000 samples), this is the most thorough study of kdr population genetics in Ae. aegypti to date within a city. We provide evidence for the direct connection between programmatic citywide pyrethroid spraying and the increase in frequency of specific kdr haplotypes by identifying two evolutionary events in the population. The relatively high selection coefficients, even under infrequent insecticide pressure, emphasizes how quickly populations can evolve. The observed rapid increase in frequency of resistance alleles might have been aided by the incomplete dominance of resistance-conferring alleles over corresponding susceptibility alleles. In addition to dramatic temporal shifts, spatial suppression experiments reveal that genetic heterogeneity existed not only at the citywide scale, but also on a very fine scale within the city.

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Evolution of kdr haplotypes in worldwide populations of Aedes aegypti: Independent origins of the F1534C kdr mutation

Cited by 55 publications

References 48 publications

Resistance to commonly used insecticides and underlying mechanisms of resistance in Aedes aegypti (L.) from Sri Lanka

Resistance to commonly used insecticides and underlying mechanisms of resistance in Aedes aegypti (L.) from Sri Lanka

Kdr genotyping in Aedes aegypti from Brazil on a nation-wide scale from 2017 to 2018

Rapid Evolution of Knockdown Resistance Haplotypes in Response to Pyrethroid Selection inAedes aegypti

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