Evolution of Life Expectancy at Birth in French Départements Over the Period 1833–1982

Abstract

This paper deals with spatial aspects of trends in life expectancy at birth in the French metropolitan départements over the 19th and 20th centuries. Data from the censuses conducted from 1833 to 1982 were used to calculate the life expectancy at birth for both sexes togheter, e0 . The overall fertility index (If ), marital fertility index (Ig) and nuptiality index (Im) were also calculated for each five-year period within the same time span. The analysis has two facets: a first, descriptive part in which we establish clusters of départements with similar or different patterns of evolution over the period above mentioned; and a second part in which the effect of covariables in changes in e0 are examined. In addition their coefficients were interpreted including the direct and spatial spillover effects. Unlike earlier studies, in which a spatio-temporal analysis was performed, the time function showing changes in e0 is reduced to a single value which measures the distance or affinity between the functions of time in each de ´partement, which enables us to carry out an exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and apply spatial econometric models.