Evolution of mating types in finite populations: The precarious advantage of being rare

Czuppon, Peter; Rogers, David W.

doi:10.1111/jeb.13528

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Stationary distributions are the stochastic equivalents of deterministic fixed points and as such provide a basic description and a starting point for further analysis of the qualitative behavior of a stochastic model, especially in situations where polymorphisms of alleles, coexistence of species, or spatial population distributions are to be expected (e.g., Czuppon & Rogers, 2019;Gaston & He, 2002;Lehmann, 2012;Polansky, 1979;Turelli, 1981).…”

Section: Stationary Distribution Of the Wright-fisher Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding evolutionary and ecological dynamics using a continuum limit

Czuppon

Traulsen

2021

Ecology and Evolution

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Continuum limits in the form of stochastic differential equations are typically used in theoretical population genetics to account for genetic drift or more generally, inherent randomness of the model. In evolutionary game theory and theoretical ecology, however, this method is used less frequently to study demographic stochasticity. Here, we review the use of continuum limits in ecology and evolution. Starting with an individual‐based model, we derive a large population size limit, a (stochastic) differential equation which is called continuum limit. By example of the Wright–Fisher diffusion, we outline how to compute the stationary distribution, the fixation probability of a certain type, and the mean extinction time using the continuum limit. In the context of the logistic growth equation, we approximate the quasi‐stationary distribution in a finite population.

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Section: Stationary Distribution Of the Wright-fisher Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding evolutionary and ecological dynamics using a continuum limit

Czuppon

Traulsen

2021

Ecology and Evolution

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“…New mating types experience a selective advantage both in terms of increased mating opportunities relative to the two residents and a (shared) increase in the probability of mating with a genetically distinct individual. There is then selection for an ever greater number of mating types, which are only kept bounded by genetic drift (Constable and Kokko, 2018;Czuppon and Rogers, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the strength of selection for these new mating types decreases as c and σ decrease, and as k increases. The decrease in selection strength in these parameter regimes will lead to higher rates of extinction of mating type alleles when genetic drift is accounted for (Czuppon and Rogers, 2019). This has been previously quantified analytically in the limit of c → ∞ (Constable and Kokko, 2018;Czuppon and Constable, 2019).…”

Section: Deterministic Dynamics For Si Allele Frequenciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Section 2.1, we saw that demographic noise leads to fluctuations in N k which can cause extinctions, but as we are interested in the behaviour of the population before such extinctions occur, we begin by fixing p i = 1/k for all i. This approach has previously been taken by (Ennos and Hu, 2019), and in the case of k SI types is equivalent to working in the regime k/N 1 and c > 0, which is a biologically reasonable regime for scenarios in which mating type extinctions are rare (Czuppon and Rogers, 2019).…”

Section: Probability Of Identity By Descent: Monomorphicmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic diversity in facultatively sexual populations and its implications for the origins of self-incompatibility in algae and fungi

Smith

Penington

Letter

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The evolutionary mechanism that drove the establishment of self-incompatibility in early sexual eukaryotes is still a debated topic. While a number of competing hypotheses have been proposed, many have not received detailed theoretical attention. In particular, the hypothesis that self-incompatibility increases the benefits of genetic recombination in sexual haploids has been comparatively understudied. In this paper we address this topic by mathematically deriving how the probability of mating with a genetically distinct individual changes as a function of the presence or absence of self-incompatible mating type classes. We find that although populations with mating types successfully engage in sexual reproduction less frequently than their self-compatible competitors, they can nevertheless engage in useful sex with genetically distinct partners \emph{more} frequently. This conclusion holds when the number of sexual reproductive events per generation is low (i.e. in small populations with low rates of facultative sexual reproduction). Finally we demonstrate the potential for frequency-dependent selection in competitive dynamics between self-compatible and self-incompatible types. These analytic results provide a baseline for studying the sex advantage enhancer model for the evolutionary origin of mating types within each specific hypothesis for the evolution of recombination.

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“…the adult population is of finite size). This approach makes our work link with models of stochastic loss of mating types in finite populations [23][24][25][48][49][50], which previously have been built for isogamous systems only. Here we have shown that under anisogamy there is potential for the mating type producing smaller gametes to outcompete a type producing larger gametes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parthenogenesis and the Evolution of Anisogamy

Constable

2021

Preprint

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Recently, it was pointed out (Lehtonen et al., 2021) that classic models for the evolution of anisogamy do not take into account the possibility of parthenogenetic reproduction, even though sex is facultative in many relevant taxa (e.g. algae) that harbour both anisogamous and isogamous species. Here we complement the analysis of (Lehtonen et al., 2021) with an approach where we assume that the relationship between progeny size and its survival may differ between parthenogenetically and sexually produced progeny, favouring either the former or the latter. We show that the findings of (Lehtonen et al., 2021), that parthenogenesis can stabilise isogamy relative to the obligate sex case, extend to our scenarios. We additionally investigate two different ways for one mating type to take over the entire population. First, parthenogenesis can lead to biased sex ratios that are sufficiently extreme that one type can displace the other, leading to de facto asexuality for the remaining type that now lacks partners to fuse with. This process involves positive feedback: microgametes, being numerous, lack opportunities for syngamy, and should they proliferate parthenogenetically, the next generation makes this asexual route even more prominent for microgametes. Second, we consider mutations to strict asexuality in producers of micro- or macrogametes, and show that the prospects of asexual invasion depend strongly on the mating type in which the mutation arises. Perhaps most interestingly, we also find scenarios in which parthenogens have an intrinsic survival advantage yet facultatively sexual isogamous populations are robust to the invasion of asexuals, despite us assuming no genetic benefits of recombination. Here equal contribution from both mating types to zygotes that are sufficiently well provisioned to outweigh the additional costs associated with syngamy.

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Evolution of mating types in finite populations: The precarious advantage of being rare

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Understanding evolutionary and ecological dynamics using a continuum limit

Understanding evolutionary and ecological dynamics using a continuum limit

Genetic diversity in facultatively sexual populations and its implications for the origins of self-incompatibility in algae and fungi

Parthenogenesis and the Evolution of Anisogamy

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