Evolution of particle size and morphology in plasma synthesis of few-layer graphene and soot

López-Cámara, Claudia-F.; Fortugno, Paolo; Asif, Muhammad; Musikhin, Stanislav; Prindler, Caleb; Wiggers, Hartmut; Endres, Torsten; Eaves, Nick A.; Daun, Kyle J.; Schulz, Christof

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112713

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These values are consistent with those reported in previous studies. [ 12 ] The obtained carbon yields for these experiments differ substantially depending on the synthesized carbonaceous template, being ≈2 wt% when employing ethanol (for FLG production, ≈4 mg min −1 ), and at least 20 wt% when using toluene (for soot production, ≈70 mg min −1 ). Thus, much more nanomaterial was harvested for the latter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microwaves were generated by a Muegge magnetron head (Muegge GmbH MH 20005‐213BA at a maximum power of 2 kW). More details on the plasma reactor can be found in our previous studies [12b,37] …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, the synthesis shifts to generate FLG with ethanol which also loses carbon by CO formation. The choices of the carbon precursor flow rates originate from our previous works which resulted in samples of either only soot–like particles or only FLG [12b,13a,38] …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Aerosol‐Based Approach toward Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

Fortugno,

López-Cámara,

Kruse

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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This study introduces a novel gas‐phase method for the synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). The method is a two‐step templating approach by first forming silicon‐coated carbon structures in a hybrid microwave‐plasma/hot‐wall reactor followed by an annealing step to produce mesoporous silica with distinct nanostructure and porosity. Two different (sacrificial) carbonaceous templates have been prepared (plasma reactor) and coated (hot‐wall reactor), 2D few‐layer graphene (FLG) flakes and soot‐like fractal aggregates. Results show that the wall thickness of the porous silica structures can be adjusted by changing the concentration of the silicon precursor (monosilane). High monosilane concentrations, however, result in solid silica particles after annealing. Using soot‐like particle templates permitted to control of the shell thickness of the hollow porous particles, while the FLG template results in ultrathin silica sheets after heat treatment. The pore volume and specific surface area increase up to 263 m2 g−1 and 0.6 cm3 g−1, respectively, by the formation of hollow porous particles. An adsorption study on carbamazepine reveals up to ≈86% removal. The gas‐phase aerosol‐based template method presented here offers scalability and versatility, and it is capable of producing MSNs with a controlled structure and porosity by modifying the carbonaceous templates.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Aerosol‐Based Approach toward Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

Fortugno,

López-Cámara,

Kruse

et al. 2023

Adv Eng Mater

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“…This may not apply to all graphene nanomaterials, but it does apply to GNP by XG Science. In contrast, multilayer carbon nanoparticles obtained by spray flame synthesis float on the water phase, like soot, and cannot be dispersed even when energy, e.g., by ultrasound, is applied [ 86 ]. The dispersibility of the GNP from XG Science can be explained by increasing hydrophilicity with increasing number of graphene layers [ 82 ] and polar groups at the edges [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metal-coated graphene is of great interest for the construction of sensors [ 100 ], electronic devices [ 101 ], and for application in single-atom catalysis (SAC) [ 102 , 103 ]. The reaction type can also be extended to hydrophobic graphene, for example, a multilayer plasma-synthesized graphene [ 86 ] that is dispersible in a binary solvent mixture of methanol and water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Direct Reaction of Vanadate, Chromate, and Permanganate with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Use in Water Purification

Konradt,

Schroden,

Hagemann

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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Oxometalates of vanadium(V), chromium(VI), and manganese(VII) have negative impacts on water resources due to their toxicity. To remove them, the kinetics of 0.04 mM oxometalates in natural and synthetic water were studied using graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). The GNP were dispersible in water and formed aggregates >15 µm that could be easily separated. Within 30 min, the GNP were covered with ~0.4 mg/g vanadium and ~1.0 mg/g chromium as Cr(OH)3. The reaction of 0.04 mM permanganate with 50 mg of GNP resulted in a coverage of 10 mg/g in 5 min, while the maximum value was 300 mg/g manganese as Mn2O3/MnO. TEM showed a random metal distribution on the surfaces; no clusters or nanoparticles were detected. The rate of disappearance in aerated water followed a pseudo second-order adsorption kinetics (PSO) for V(V), a pseudo second-order reaction for Cr(VI), and a pseudo first-order reaction for Mn(VII). For Cr(VI) and Mn(VII), the rate constants were found to depend on the GNP mass. Oxygen sorption occurred with PSO kinetics as a parallel slow process upon contact of GNP with air-saturated water. For thermally regenerated GNP, the rate constant decreased for V(V) but increased for Cr(VI), while no effect was observed for Mn(VII). GNP capacity was enhanced through regeneration for V(V) and Cr(VI); no effect was observed for Mn(VII). The reactions are well-suited for use in water purification processes and the reaction products, GNP, decorated with single metal atoms, are of great interest for the construction of sensors, electronic devices, and for application in single-atom catalysis (SAC).

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Experimental study on effects of gas flow rate on soot characteristics in diffusion flames coupled with plasma

Qi,

Chen,

et al. 2023

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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Evolution of particle size and morphology in plasma synthesis of few-layer graphene and soot

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Novel Aerosol‐Based Approach toward Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

Novel Aerosol‐Based Approach toward Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

Kinetics of Direct Reaction of Vanadate, Chromate, and Permanganate with Graphene Nanoplatelets for Use in Water Purification

Experimental study on effects of gas flow rate on soot characteristics in diffusion flames coupled with plasma

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