Evolution of Primate Societies

Crook, John Hurrell; Gartlan, J

doi:10.1038/2101200a0

Cited by 521 publications

(225 citation statements)

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“…The reply does emphasize, however, that analysis of patterns across species is fundamental to the study of adaptive evolution, particularly when variation needed to test hypotheses is present only at this interspecific level. [1][2][3][4][5] Examples in primatology include the occurrence of female sexual swellings in species with habitually multimale, rather than single-male, breeding systems, 6,7 the relationship between polygynandrous mating and relatively large testes size, 3,8 and the association between brain size and social group size. 9 Thus, in many cases, interspecific variation is required to test adaptive hypotheses.…”

Section: Why Incorporate Phylogeny In Comparative Studies?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative methods for studying primate adaptation and allometry

Nunn

Barton²

2001

Evolutionary Anthropology

201

146

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Section: Why Incorporate Phylogeny In Comparative Studies?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative methods for studying primate adaptation and allometry

Nunn

Barton²

2001

Evolutionary Anthropology

201

146

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“…Patterns in social relationships and demographic processes constitute the social system. Since Crook and Gartlan (1966), researchers have appealed to ecological factors, in particular the abundance and distribution of predators and food, to explain the variation in social systems. The role of social factors, especially male harassment of females, has also received considerable attention recently (e.g., Wrangham 1979;Smuts and Smuts 1993;Brereton 1995;Treves and Chapman 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates

Sterck

Watts

Schaik

1997

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

1,098

941

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Considerable interspeci®c variation in female social relationships occurs in gregarious primates, particularly with regard to agonism and cooperation between females and to the quality of female relationships with males. This variation exists alongside variation in female philopatry and dispersal. Socioecological theories have tried to explain variation in female-female social relationships from an evolutionary perspective focused on ecological factors, notably predation and food distribution. According to the current``ecological model'', predation risk forces females of most diurnal primate species to live in groups; the strength of the contest component of competition for resources within and between groups then largely determines social relationships between females. Social relationships among gregarious females are here characterized as Dispersal-Egalitarian, Resident-Nepotistic, Resident-Nepotistic-Tolerant, or Resident-Egalitarian. This ecological model has successfully explained di erences in the occurrence of formal submission signals, decided dominance relationships, coalitions and female philopatry. Group size and female rank generally a ect female reproduction success as the model predicts, and studies of closely related species in di erent ecological circumstances underscore the importance of the model. Some cases, however, can only be explained when we extend the model to incorporate the e ects of infanticide risk and habitat saturation. We review evidence in support of the ecological model and test the power of alternative models that invoke between-group competition, forced female philopatry, demographic female recruitment, male interventions into female aggression, and male harassment. Not one of these models can replace the ecological model, which already encompasses the between-group competition. Currently the best model, which explains several phenomena that the ecological model does not, is a``socioecological model'' based on the combined importance of ecological factors, habitat saturation and infanticide avoidance. We note some points of similarity and divergence with other mammalian taxa; these remain to be explored in detail.

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“…From the late 1960s, primatologists have adopted similar techniques to analyze the impacts of predation on the social systems of monkeys and apes (Crook & Gartlan, 1966;Eisenberg et al, 1972;Goss-Custard et al, 1972;Clutton-Brock, 1974;van Schaik & van Hooff, 1983). The fact that actual predation was witnessed but rarely fueled a debate regarding whether predation or food acquisition played a more important role in primate evolution (Wrangham, 1980;van Schaik, 1983;Anderson, 1986;Janson, 1987;Wrangham, 1987;Rodman, 1988;Janson, 1998).…”

Section: Prefacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent thorough reviews of adaptations of birds and mammals to predation have emphasized the complex role that predation threat has played in modifying proximate behaviors such as habitat choice to avoid predator detection, degree and type of vigilance, and group size and defense, as well as ultimate factors including the evolution of warning systems, coloration, and locomotor patterns (Thompson et al, 1980;Sih, 1987;Lima & Dill, 1990;Curio, 1993;Caro, 2005). From the late 1960s, primatologists have adopted similar techniques to analyze the impacts of predation on the social systems of monkeys and apes (Crook & Gartlan, 1966;Eisenberg et al, 1972;Goss-Custard et al, 1972; Clutton-Brock, 1974; van Schaik & van Hooff, 1983). The fact that actual predation was witnessed but rarely fueled a debate regarding whether predation or food acquisition played a more important role in primate evolution (Wrangham, 1980;van Schaik, 1983;Anderson, 1986;Janson, 1987; Wrangham, 1987;Rodman, 1988;Janson, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Primate Anti-Predator Strategies

Gursky¹,

Nekaris²

2007

Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects

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This peer-reviewed book series melds the facts of organic diversity with the continuity of the evolutionary process. The volumes in this series exemplify the diversity of theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches currently employed by primatologists and physical anthropologists. Specific coverage includes: primate behavior in natural habitats and captive settings; primate ecology and conservation; functional morphology and developmental biology of primates; primate systematics; genetic and phenotypic differences among living primates; and paleoprimatology. Printed in acid-free paper. ANTHROPOID ORIGINS: NEW VISIONSAll rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. PrefaceThe impact of predation on the morphology, behavior, and ecology of animals has long been recognized by the primatologist community (Altmann, 1956;Burtt, 1981;Curio, 1976;Hamilton, 1971;Kruuk, 1972). Recent thorough reviews of adaptations of birds and mammals to predation have emphasized the complex role that predation threat has played in modifying proximate behaviors such as habitat choice to avoid predator detection, degree and type of vigilance, and group size and defense, as well as ultimate factors including the evolution of warning systems, coloration, and locomotor patterns (Thompson et al., 1980;Sih, 1987;Lima & Dill, 1990;Curio, 1993;Caro, 2005). From the late 1960s, primatologists have adopted similar techniques to analyze the impacts of predation on the social systems of monkeys and apes (Crook & Gartlan, 1966;Eisenberg et al., 1972;Goss-Custard et al., 1972; Clutton-Brock, 1974; van Schaik & van Hooff, 1983). The fact that actual predation was witnessed but rarely fueled a debate regarding whether predation or food acquisition played a more important role in primate evolution (Wrangham, 1980;van Schaik, 1983;Anderson, 1986;Janson, 1987; Wrangham, 1987;Rodman, 1988;Janson, 1998). More recent studies are more subtle in their design, and have worked from a hypothetical framework that an animal's being eaten is mor...

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Evolution of Primate Societies

Cited by 521 publications

References 9 publications

Comparative methods for studying primate adaptation and allometry

Comparative methods for studying primate adaptation and allometry

The evolution of female social relationships in nonhuman primates

Primate Anti-Predator Strategies

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