Evolution of the oceanic plankton

Tappan, Helen; Loeblich, Alfred R.

doi:10.1016/0012-8252(73)90092-5

Cited by 170 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The morphological features of tropical forms such as marked asymmetry, keels, etc. have been explained as adaptations serving to lessen sinking rates as tropical water has half the viscosity of polar water (Tappan & Loeblich 1973). However, protists without elaborate morphological features, forms found widely distributed, were equally abundant (Fig.…”

Section: Heterotrophic Eukaryotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An introduction to the biogeography of aquatic microbes

Dolan¹

2005

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Aquatic microbes, like all organisms, have biogeographies, but this subject has attracted relatively little attention. In this review, recent results exploiting techniques of molecular biology are summarized to place in perspective the studies of this Theme Section. The studies considered concern large-scale patterns of spatial distribution among heterotrophic planktonic prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes. For freshwater bacterioplankton communities, reported patterns are inconsistent. Taxonomic richness may increase with system size, and composition may be related among neighboring bodies of water. However, inconsistencies in patterns may be due to differences in the temporal and spatial scales considered. Among planktonic marine prokaryotes, biogeographic patterns are known only in terms of high level groups, e.g. Archea are perhaps dominant in deep oceanic waters. However, studies of large-scale patterns have just begun and they suggest that some ribotypes or species may be restricted to certain oceanic areas. Eukaryotic microbes appear to characterised by high capacities for both dispersal and gene flow. Recent studies appear to conclude that we can form morphological, genetic and physiological groupings but their inter-relationships are obscure at this point in time.KEY WORDS: Bacteria · Protists · Latitudinal diversity gradient · Island biogeography · BiodiversityResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Heterotrophic Eukaryotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An introduction to the biogeography of aquatic microbes

Dolan¹

2005

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…Many fossil records show that diatoms appeared in the late Mesozoic, whereas radiolaria appeared during early Paleozoic time (e.g., Tappan & Loeblich 1973, Nazarov 1973, Harper & Knoll 1975. It must have taken an enormous time for these microbes to acquire abilities to manipulate silica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica Biomineralization of Unicellular Microbes Under Strongly Acidic Conditions

Asada¹,

Tazaki²

2001

The Canadian Mineralogist

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Silica biomineralization associated with unicellular microbes (Cyanidium caldarium) living in strongly acidic hot springs were observed by electron microscopy. The unicellular microbes form green biomats undergoing photosynthesis in Kamuiwakka Falls, Hokkaido, Japan. The hot-spring water is strongly acidic, with pH less than 2, and rich in S. Electron microscopy observations showed that the cell walls of unicellular microbes served as sites for nucleation of silica, polymerization of silicic acid and adhesion of colloidal silica. The precipitates formed an amorphous silica crust on the cell walls, which consist of granular silica spherules with a uniform size. The spherules commonly assimilate the cell walls. Data from X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction of the silica crusts reveal that the crusts are amorphous or of low crystallinity. Electron-dispersion X-ray spectroscopy also showed that the crusts are mainly composed of Si with traces of S and Cl. The unicellular microbes have a double-layer cell wall; therefore, silica crusts may form a double layer. FT-IR spectra of cells with and without silica crusts indicated that N-H, C=O and C-N-H bands were derived from peptides in cells, whereas the Si-O band was derived from silica crusts. Some models also are suggested on the interaction between cell wall and silica under strongly acidic conditions. Processes of silica biomineralization of unicellular microbes as described in this paper have profound implications for evolution of siliciferous microbes.

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“…In addition to studies on tintinnids or microzooplankton, many such records come from collection in phytoplankton samples. Tintinnid loricae have also left a fossil record dating back to the Ordovician (Tappan & Loeblich 1973). Unfortunately, from a taxonomic point of view, sizes and shapes of tintinnid loricae are highly variable within species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global biogeography of marine tintinnids

Pierce¹,

Turner²

1993

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

143

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Literature records of tintinnid distributions (272 references, 1899 to 1992) were plotted with a computer. Distributions at the genus level revealed several distinct biogeographic patterns: cosmopolitan, neritic, warm-water, boreal, and austral. Some of the factors that may account for these patterns are examined. At the species level, certain disjunct distributions are examined, including the bipolar distribution of Acanthostornella norvegica and the interoceanic distributions of tropical tintinnids. Endemicism of species within certain genera, such as Codonellopsis, was also found.

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Evolution of the oceanic plankton

Cited by 170 publications

References 41 publications

An introduction to the biogeography of aquatic microbes

An introduction to the biogeography of aquatic microbes

Silica Biomineralization of Unicellular Microbes Under Strongly Acidic Conditions

Global biogeography of marine tintinnids

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