Evolution of Vehicular Communications within the Context of 5G Systems

Abstract

Future autonomous transportation systems necessitate network infrastructure capable of accommodating massive vehicular connectivity, despite the scarce availability of frequency resources. Current approaches for achieving such required high spectral efficiency, rely on the utilization of Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. However, conventional MIMO processing approaches, based on linear processing principles, leave much of the system's capacity heavily unexploited. They typically require a large number of powerconsuming antennas and RF-chains to support a substantially smaller number of concurrently connected devices, even when the devices are transmitting at low rates. This translates to inflated operational costs that become substantial, particularly in ultradense, metropolitan-scale deployments. Therefore, the question is how to efficiently harness this unexploited MIMO capacity and fully leverage the available RF infrastructure to maximize device connectivity. Addressing this challenge, this work proposes an Open Radio Access Network (Open-RAN) deployment, with Massively Parallelizable Non-linear (MPNL) MIMO processing for densely deployed, and power-efficient vehicular networks. For the first time, we quantify the substantial gains of MPNL in achieving massive vehicular connectivity with significantly reduced utilized antennas, compared to conventional linear approaches, and without any throughput loss. We find that an Open-RAN-based realization exploiting the MPNL advancements can yield an increase of over 300% in terms of concurrently transmitting single-antenna vehicles in urban mobility settings and for various Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and Network (V2N) use cases. In this context, we discuss how implementing MPNL within the Open-RAN ecosystem allows for simpler and more densely deployed radio units, paving the way for fully autonomous and sustainable transportation systems.

Performance evaluation of IEEE 802.11p, LTE and 5G in connected vehicles for cooperative awareness

“…The previous studies and field measurements have been performed to analyze the performance and suitability of IEEE 802.11p and LTE in different V2X scenarios 14 . This performance analysis concluded that both technologies are suitable for allowing basic vehicular communication that is, transferring Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM).…”

“…However, the advantage of IEEE 802.11p in contrast of LTE is that it has been implemented, analyzed, verified to use this technology for vehicular communication. Though, the benefit of using cellular based LTE is that the similar software and hardware protocols have been utilized 14 . The new technology, for example, 5G, is expected to have an improved performance in terms of latency and reliability as compared to other predecessor technologies.…”

Chaos‐based privacy preserving vehicle safety protocol for 5G Connected Autonomous Vehicle networks

“…The most promising RAT is the 5G New Radio (NR), which proposes a dedicated service oriented core for CAVs. Furthermore, 5G affiliated technologies such as Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) employing Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) are becoming favourites for achieving robust and low latency communications [5].…”

RACE: Reinforced Cooperative Autonomous Vehicle Collision Avoidance

“…We observed that underlying communication technology was necessary to ensure efficient operation of the overall system. Even though many communication technologies exist and newer technologies like 5G are gaining momentum [26], [27], the RACE framework is agnostic to these technologies. Therefore, we made one assumption that any underlying communication technology that fulfills the requirements for performance, latency and parameter distribution in an autonomous driving environment could be used in RACE.…”