Evolutionary analysis of the adaptive potential and productivity of winter wheat varieties in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation

Abstract

The article considers long-term studies (2013-2022), the purpose of which is to carry out an evolutionary assessment of the parameters of adaptability and productivity of winter soft wheat varieties created over the last twenty years that have undergone a variety change in the conditions of the Ryazan region and determine the vector of their selection change according to these parameters. As an object of research, 11 varieties related to the last stages of breeding work were used. It was revealed that modern varieties are superior in yield to varieties of earlier selection, regardless of external environmental conditions, and have the highest adaptability in the conditions of the region. Varieties released in the period 2013-2023 and being varieties of the modern generation (VI period), have an excess yield of 14.3% (0.8 t/ha), in comparison with the varieties of the previous selection of 2000-2011. (V period). Intervarietal yield variation reaches 15.7-16.5%, making a difference of 0.85-0.96 t/ha in favor of modern varieties. The limit of the minimum (by 21.3%) and maximum (by 10.7%) yields is higher for new varieties. According to the obtained maximum yield (more than 9.50 t/ha), varieties Galateya and Boyarka stood out. Varieties of the modern generation have a significant advantage: in realizing the yield potential (by 16.8%) and its smaller variation (by 1.7%) over the years of research; in terms of adaptability to the region of cultivation and manifested environmental stress factors, manifested in an increase in the index of variety stability (IS = 2.3), an indicator of the level of variety stability (VSS = 147.9%), adaptability coefficient (C.A.> 1.0) and evenness coefficient (B=71.2%). Winter wheat varieties of the new generation Viola, Danae, Felicia, Galateya, Anfisa, Boyarka and Ivita are presented as more productive and adaptive to the conditions of the region.