Evolutionary consequences of cryptic genetic variation

McGuigan, Katrina; Sgrò, Carla M.

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2009.02.001

Cited by 137 publications

(160 citation statements)

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“…Partially beneficial plastic responses may permit some genotypes faced with a change in environment to persist, and so provide opportunities for subsequent evolution [5,10,29,30]. Plasticity may also reveal genetic variation under extraordinary or novel conditions that can be acted on by selection [22,29,31,32]; variation that is otherwise hidden in the population under its standard conditions [33][34][35]. When heritable variation in environmentally induced responses influences fitness, then any genetic variation in the form of the plastic response may provide an axis of variation on which selection can act.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of growth by genetic accommodation in Icelandic freshwater stickleback

Robinson

2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Classical Darwinian adaptation to a change in environment can ensue when selection favours beneficial genetic variation. How plastic trait responses to new conditions affect this process depends on how plasticity reveals to selection the influence of genotype on phenotype. Genetic accommodation theory predicts that evolutionary rate may sharply increase when a new environment induces plastic responses and selects on sufficient genetic variation in those responses to produce an immediate evolutionary response, but natural examples are rare. In Iceland, marine threespine stickleback that have colonized freshwater habitats have evolved more rapid individual growth. Heritable variation in growth is greater for marine full-siblings reared at low versus high salinity, and genetic variation exists in plastic growth responses to low salinity. In fish from recently founded freshwater populations reared at low salinity, the plastic response was strongly correlated with growth. Plasticity and growth were not correlated in full-siblings reared at high salinity nor in marine fish at either salinity. In well-adapted lake populations, rapid growth evolved jointly with stronger plastic responses to low salinity and the persistence of strong plastic responses indicates that growth is not genetically assimilated. Thus, beneficial plastic growth responses to low salinity have both guided and evolved along with rapid growth as stickleback adapted to freshwater.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of growth by genetic accommodation in Icelandic freshwater stickleback

Robinson

2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…In contrast, two of the Hsp90 mutant alleles examined by Milton et al (2005) significantly reduced the mean number of sternopleural bristles. The extent to which shifts in mean phenotype may affect the evolutionary trajectory of a population will depend on the availability of genetic variation in the direction of selection for the traits in question (McGuigan & Sgrò 2009). The changes in body size and sternopleural bristles observed in this study were not associated with any increases in phenotypic variance, indicating that adaptive shifts in these traits are unlikely to be affected by the Hsp90 variants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in Drosophila have demonstrated release of cryptic genetic variation for canalized traits, but not necessarily for uncanalized traits (Rutherford & Lindquist 1998;Milton et al 2006;Kellermann et al 2007) although there are exceptions (Debat et al 2006). These studies suggest differences in the control of genetic variation for canalized versus (some) uncanalized traits, at least in Drosophila (McGuigan & Sgrò 2009). In addition, manipulation of Hsp90 in Arabidopsis and Danio has been shown to release cryptic genetic variation in uncanalized as well as canalized traits, although effects are dependent on genetic background (Yeyati et al 2007;Sangster et al 2008b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In addition, manipulation of Hsp90 in Arabidopsis and Danio has been shown to release cryptic genetic variation in uncanalized as well as canalized traits, although effects are dependent on genetic background (Yeyati et al 2007;Sangster et al 2008b). Taken together, results from a diverse literature suggest a complex interplay between Hsp90 function, genetic background, environmental conditions and the release of cryptic genetic variation particularly for continuously varying quantitative traits likely to contribute to fitness (McGuigan & Sgrò 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A naturally occurring variant of Hsp90 that is associated with decanalization

2010

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The heat shock protein Hsp90 has been the focus of many studies since it was suggested that it acts to mediate the buffering of phenotypic variation. Hsp90-mediated buffering may result in the accumulation of cryptic genetic variation that, when released either as a consequence of environmental or genetic stress, increases the evolvability of a population. Recent studies using laboratory-induced mutations of Hsp90 and/or chemical inhibition to disrupt Hsp90 function confirm that Hsp90 can buffer cryptic genetic variation. We have previously identified a naturally occurring variant in the charged linker region of the Hsp90 gene, and now examine whether this variant is associated with altered levels of trait variability. The variant is associated with the release of cryptic genetic variation for canalized morphological (bristle) traits, but not for uncanalized morphological (wing and bristle) traits, and the effect on canalized traits depends on culture temperature. This suggests that natural genetic variation in Hsp90 may mediate the evolution of canalized morphological traits even if it does not influence the expression of variation for uncanalized traits.

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“…This variation is, in part, the product of regional and local migration processes as well as genetic drift and random mutations that occur at rates that may appear extremely low; yet, when considered relative to the number of individuals (e.g., seeds and other propagules) that are present across the agricultural landscape, it can actually be high [26,78]. This variation occurs in the absence of the selective pressure imposed by any particular management practice, but is "revealed" when the mutant individual is exposed to the control tactic for which the mutation confers resistance [79,80]. If successful, this biotype will modify the ecological characteristics of the systems (Figure 1).…”

Section: Eco-evolutionary Thinking and Weed Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Eco-Evolutionary Imperative: Revisiting Weed Management in the Midst of an Herbicide Resistance Crisis

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Modern weed science is at a crossroads. Born out of advances in chemistry, it has focused on minimizing weed competition with genetically uniform crops and heavy reliance on herbicides. Paradoxically, the success obtained with such an approach and the reluctance to conduct integrated and multidisciplinary research has resulted in unintended, but predictable, consequences, including the selection of herbicide resistant biotypes. Advances in eco-evolutionary biology, a relatively recent discipline that seeks to understand how local population dynamics arise from phenotypic variation resulting from natural selection, habitat distribution, and propagule dispersal across the landscape are transforming our understanding of the processes that regulate agroecosystems. Within this framework, complementary tactics to develop alternative weed management programs include the following: (1) weed scientists must recognize that evolution occurs within crop fields at ecologically-relevant time scales and is rooted in the inherent variation that exists in all populations; (2) weed management should recognize that the probability of a resistant mutant is directly related to the population size; (3) farmers need to acknowledge that herbicide resistance transcends any one farm and should coordinate local practices with regional actions; (4) incentives should be developed and implemented to help the adoption of eco-evolutionary management programs; and (5) risk analysis can help incorporate an eco-evolutionary perspective into integrated weed management programs.

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Evolutionary consequences of cryptic genetic variation

Cited by 137 publications

References 44 publications

Evolution of growth by genetic accommodation in Icelandic freshwater stickleback

Evolution of growth by genetic accommodation in Icelandic freshwater stickleback

A naturally occurring variant of Hsp90 that is associated with decanalization

The Eco-Evolutionary Imperative: Revisiting Weed Management in the Midst of an Herbicide Resistance Crisis

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