Evolutionary Implications of Phenotypic Plasticity in the Hindlimb of the Lizard Anolis Sagrei

Losos, Jonathan B.; Creer, Douglas A.; Glossip, Danielle; Goellner, Ron; Hampton, Aaron; Roberts, Glenn D.; Haskell, Norman L.; Taylor, Peter; Ettling, Jeff

doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054[0301:eioppi]2.0.co;2

Cited by 151 publications

(209 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…One consequence of this is that the evolution of these regulatory genes would likely hide the earlier genetic changes that initially regulated the integration of the plastic trait responses. Under such a process, we may expect that the adaptive divergence of taxa would reflect patterns of environmentally induced phenotypic variation within taxa (e.g., Day et al 1994;Losos et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replicated Evolution of Integrated Plastic Responses During Early Adaptive Divergence

Parsons

Robinson

2006

Evolution

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Abstract. Colonization of a novel environment is expected to result in adaptive divergence from the ancestral population when selection favors a new phenotypic optimum. Local adaptation in the new environment occurs through the accumulation and integration of character states that positively affect fitness. The role played by plastic traits in adaptation to a novel environment has generally been ignored, except for variable environments. We propose that if conditions in a relatively stable but novel environment induce phenotypically plastic responses in many traits, and if genetic variation exists in the form of those responses, then selection may initially favor the accumulation and integration of functionally useful plastic responses. Early divergence between ancestral and colonist forms will then occur with respect to their plastic responses across the gradient bounded by ancestral and novel environmental conditions. To test this, we compared the magnitude, integration, and pattern of plastic character responses in external body form induced by shallow versus open water conditions between two sunfish ecomorphs that coexist in four postglacial lakes. The novel sunfish ecomorph is present in the deeper open water habitat, whereas the ancestral ecomorph inhabits the shallow waters along the lake margin. Plastic responses by open water ecomorphs were more correlated than those of their local shallow water ecomorph in two of the populations, whereas equal levels of correlated plastic character responses occurred between ecomorphs in the other two populations. Small but persistent differences occurred between ecomorph pairs in the pattern of their character responses, suggesting a recent divergence. Open water ecomorphs shared some similarities in the covariance among plastic responses to rearing environment. Replication in the form of correlated plastic responses among populations of open water ecomorphs suggests that plastic character states may evolve under selection. Variation between ecomorphs and among lake populations in the covariance of plastic responses suggests the presence of genetic variation in plastic character responses. In three populations, open water ecomorphs also exhibited larger plastic responses to the environmental gradient than the local shallow water ecomorph. This could account for the greater integration of plastic responses in open water ecomorphs in two of the populations. This suggests that the plastic responses of local sunfish ecomorphs can diverge through changes in the magnitude and coordination of plastic responses. Although these results require further investigation, they suggest that early adaptive evolution in a novel environment can include changes to plastic character states. The genetic assimilation of coordinated plastic responses could result in the further, and possibly rapid, divergence of such populations and could also account for the evolution of genes of major effect that contribute to suites of phenotypic differences between divergent populations.Key words. Centra...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replicated Evolution of Integrated Plastic Responses During Early Adaptive Divergence

Parsons

Robinson

2006

Evolution

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“…Considerando a reduzida habilidade de pulgões como M persicae gerarem variabilidade na reprodução partenogenética, pode-se supor que a seleção natural tivesse favorecido, especialmente em regiões tropicais, clones com grande potencial plástico. Desse modo, acredita-se que o potencial plástico descrito seja adaptativo, visto que poderia viabilizar a ocupação de novos hábitats ou facilitar a sobrevivência em ambientes instáveis (Gotthard & Nylim 1995, Losos et al 2000.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Plasticidade morfológica, reprodutiva e assimetria flutuante de Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) sob diferentes temperaturas

Kanegae¹,

Lomônaco²

2003

Neotrop. Entomol.

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-Four clones of the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were used to assess the magnitude of their responses to seven different temperatures (15.0, 17.5, 20.0, 22.5, 25.0, 27.5 and 30.0 o C). A multivariate index of size was obtained using five morphological characteristics simplified by PCA. Among these characteristics, four were measured bilaterally both sides in order to evaluate the fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Fertility was estimated according to the number of nymphs in the reproductive female apparatus. The variability attributed to the environmental and genetic components was estimated using a genetic quantitative model. A large part of the total variability found for size distribution was attributed to differences in temperature (environmental component), but genetic components of variation were also detected. The plastic potential was considered adaptive, since it increases clone survival in unstable environments and allows new habitat exploitation. However, 30 o C temperature did not permit clone development and survival. Lower variability in one morphological character, the rostrum, in comparison with the other traits may be the result of a stabilizing selection, in relation to its adaptive value to obtain food. The aphids presented FA in some of the measured characteristics. However, no linear relation was detected for the levels of FA and temperature values and no general pattern of variability was found. The data corroborate the hypothesis that size is more effectively affected than FA by external influences, and consequently, is a much more efficient indicator of environmental stress.KEY WORDS: Quantitative genetics, green peach aphid, developmental noise RESUMO -Quatro clones do pulgão Myzus persicae (Sulzer) foram utilizados para se avaliar a magnitude de suas respostas plásticas em sete condições de temperatura 15,0; 17,5; 20,0; 22,5; 25,0; 27,5 e 30,0 o C. Um índice multivariado de tamanho foi obtido por ACP, a partir de cinco caracteres morfológicos. Quatro desses caracteres foram medidos bilateralmente para quantificação da Assimetria Flutuante (AF). A fecundidade foi estimada pelo número de ninfas presentes do trato reprodutivo das fêmeas. A variabilidade atribuída aos componentes ambientais e genéticos de variação foi estimada com o auxílio de um modelo de genética quantitativa. A maior parte da variabilidade fenotípica morfológica na população estudada ocorreu como resposta à temperatura (componente ambiental), mas componentes genéticos de variação também foram detectados. Acredita-se que o potencial plástico descrito seja adaptativo, contudo um ambiente a 30 o C não permitiu a sobrevivência. Pequena variabilidade no comprimento do rostro com relação aos demais caracteres pode ter resultado de seleção estabilizadora, considerando seu valor adaptativo para a obtenção de alimento. Os pulgões apresentaram AF em alguns dos caracteres medidos. Entretanto, não foi detectada relação linear dos níveis de AF com valores de temperatura, nem houve um padrão geral de variação para este caráter. Os ...

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“…These experimental designs are well suited for sessile or small organisms (e.g., plants, some insects, and small vertebrates; Losos et al 2000) and are powerful for distinguishing evolved responses from environmentally mediated ones. A review of RT and CG experiments detected high levels of adaptive variation in marine taxa, but few of those studies were evaluated in an ESU framework (Conover et al 2006), emphasizing the disconnect between studies of adaptive variation and conservation.…”

Section: ]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of the Japanese Wood Pigeon,Columba janthina, Endemic to Islands of East Asia, Estimated by Newly Developed Microsatellite Markers

Ando

Kaneko

Suzuki³

et al. 2011

Zoological Science

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Evolutionary Implications of Phenotypic Plasticity in the Hindlimb of the Lizard Anolis Sagrei

Cited by 151 publications

References 22 publications

Replicated Evolution of Integrated Plastic Responses During Early Adaptive Divergence

Replicated Evolution of Integrated Plastic Responses During Early Adaptive Divergence

Plasticidade morfológica, reprodutiva e assimetria flutuante de Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) sob diferentes temperaturas

Genetic Diversity of the Japanese Wood Pigeon,Columba janthina, Endemic to Islands of East Asia, Estimated by Newly Developed Microsatellite Markers

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