Evolutionary model of brain tumor circulating cells: Cellular galaxy

Abstract

BACKGROUND Although circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been the focus of consideration for a decade, a categorized cell-based diagnostic strategy is unavailable. The personalized management and complementary/analytical-strategy of data require an alphabetic guide. Therefore, we aimed to determine the behavior of CTCs in tumor and blood in order to provide the hypothetical-based agenda in the brain neoplasms. Exploring the protein expression (PE) using a single cell-based method would clarify the heterogeneity and diversity in tumor and blood, which are key events in the evolution in brain tumors. In fact, heterogeneity, diversity, and evolution are required for cancer initiation and progression. AIM To explore CTCs in brain tumors and blood cells and to assay intensity of PE through personalized insight. METHODS The focal population included 14 patients with meningioma, and four patients with metastatic brain tumors (T). PE was assayed by immunofluorescence in tumors cells and CTCs in 18 patients with brain tumors. Ratio test was applied between the T cells and CTCs in tumor tissue and in vascular system. T/CTC ratio-based classification of PE in macrophage chemoattractant chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), CD133, cyclin E, neurofilament marker, cytokeratin 19, and leukocyte common antigen (CD45) were investigated. RESULTS Total analyzed cells ranged between 10794-92283 for tumor cells and between 117-2870 for CTCs. Characteristics of histopathologic and status of an ataxia-telangiectasia mutated polymorphism (D1853N) in 18 patients affected with brain tumors were also provided. The course of evolution and metastatic event relied on the elevated protein expression in CTCs, which could be considered as a prognostic value. Diverse protein expression of the migrated cells into the blood stream and the tumor was indicative of the occurrence of evolution. Besides, the harmonic co-expression between CCL2/EGF and CCL2/VEGF could facilitate the tumor progression including the metastatic event. Expression of these proteins in the migrated vasculature and into the buccal tissue offered a non-invasive follow-up detection in neoplastic disorders. PE-exploration of neurofilament marker/CD133/VEGF of the CTCs in meningioma and cytokeratin 19/CD45/ cyclin E in the patients with metastatic brain tumor would clarify the tumor biology of the brain neoplastic disorders. CONCLUSION The alphabetical base of the evolutionary mechanisms relies on dual-, triple-, and multi-models with diverse intensity of expression. In fact, cross-talk between initiative and the complementary channels defines the evolutionary insight in cancer. A diverse-model of protein expression, including low, medium, and high intensity, is the key requirement for the completed model. The cluster of cells with diverse expression and remarkable co-expression between CCL...

Four methylation-driven genes detected by linear discriminant analysis model from early-stage colorectal cancer and their methylation levels in cell-free DNA

“…This might be a possible explanation for the difference in methylation changes in tumor tissue and cfDNA. A previous study indicated that a single cell-based method could clarify the heterogeneity and diversity of cancer cells in tumor tissue and blood (CTC) ( 74 ), which might help explore the heterogeneity of tumor tissue in future studies.…”

Personalized clinical managements through exploring circulating neural cells and electroencephalography

“…The applied processes are performed according to the triangle style, by highlighting the power of cellular network, which reflects the association between the PE of Ets2 is also performed in the peripheral blood of the patients with AD, according to the standard flow cytometry technique[ 11 ]. The PE assay was capable to unveil the nature of heterogeneity/diversity/course of evolution by exploring D1853N polymorphism in ATM gene, and PE assay of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) at the single cell level of the brain and through the course of evolution[ 12 , 13 ].…”

Synthesizing Molecular and Immune Characteristics to Move Beyond WHO Grade in Meningiomas: A Focused Review

“…Another group investigated the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in meningiomas and found high expression and a positive correlation between MCP-1 expression and macrophage infiltration ( 88 ). Similarly, CCL2, a monocyte chemoattractant, was found to be highly expressed in meningioma tissue ( 89 ). Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction networks have already been developed to inform prognostic scoring of meningioma samples ( 72 , 90 ).…”