Evolutionary processes of common Turkic lexemes

Abstract

Language is a historical category, so it is constantly evolving and undergoing changes. A word and its meaning as the main part of the language expand, narrow, the meaning undergoes changes or completely goes out of use of the language along with the development of society. This is a linguistic pattern, so change in the meaning of a word is one of the most actual problems of linguistics, which requires a constant study. Studying the meaning of a word, we get information from the language, the history, culture, life of people who speak this language. The article analyzes and comprehensively studies changes in the meanings of words common to the Turkic languages. Linguistic analysis of word meanings is performed by etymological, historical and comparative methods. Giving specific language data from the Turkic languages, it was told about the similarities in the meanings of common words and features which appeared over time. In addition, information about the culture, history, knowledge and existence of people of Turkic origin is used to reveal the meanings of words. The research analyzes the opinions of domestic and foreign scientists on this issue. The authors share their conclusions, which do not always coincide with existing judgments about the meaning of individual words. Currently words which have unclear meaning, disconnected from the basic meaning, and even lost their meaning are analyzed using data from oral folk art, works related to medieval language monuments. The information presented in the article can be widely used in research related to the history of the Kazakh literary language, etymology of words.