Evolving Patterns of Gallbladder Diseases in the Young Population: A Retrospective Study at Al Wahda Teaching Hospital, Derna, Libya

Abstract

Background: Gallstone disease, traditionally associated with older, overweight females, is increasingly being observed in younger individuals. This shift necessitates a closer examination of the unique characteristics and risk factors associated with gallstone development in this demographic. While conventional risk factors such as gender, age, and genetic predispositions continue to play a role, emerging trends suggest that modifiable factors, including dietary habits, lifestyle choices, and medical conditions, are also influential. Methods: In this observational study conducted at Al Wahda Teaching Hospital in Derna, Libya, between January 2021 and January 2022, we retrospectively collected data from 182 patients diagnosed with gallbladder disease. The study focused on recording demographic information and assessing modifiable risk factors, including dietary habits, reproductive history, smoking, and associated chronic illnesses. Results: The majority of patients were female (92.3%), with the most commonly affected age group being 26 - 30 years. The average weight of the population was also notably high. Assessment of modifiable risk factors revealed a high prevalence of a high-fat diet (75.8%) and a sedentary lifestyle (73.6%), while surprisingly, 69.2% maintained a high-fiber diet. A range of chronic illnesses contributed to a small proportion of cases, including hemolytic anemia (13.2%), diabetes mellitus (5.5%), and liver disease (4.4%). The predominance of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (54.9%) indicates a shift in treatment approach. Complications were absent in the majority of cases (81.3%), suggesting a generally favorable outcome in gallstone disease management within this cohort. Conclusions: The evolving nature of gallstone disease in younger populations calls for a reassessment of understanding and management strategies. The observed trends highlight the need for further research to better understand the changing landscape of gallstone disease and to develop targeted preventive measures for this demographic.