Exaggerated insect bite reactions in patients positive for HIV

Smith, Kathleen J.; Skelton, Henry G.; Vogel, Paula; Yeager, Josef; Baxter, Donald L.; Wagner, Kenneth F.

doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(08)81848-8

Cited by 40 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Pyogenic infection can also exacerbate the eruption (15), and some of our patients received antibiotic treatment as well. An inductive role of viruses was suggested by reports of hypersensitivity to mosquito bites in Japanese children with a juvenile type of natural killer cell leukemia/lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection (27) and in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (28). The reaction has also been reported in patients with congenital agammaglobulinemia (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Insect‐bite‐like reaction in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a study from the Israeli Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Study Group

Bairey

Goldschmidt

Ruchlemer

et al. 2012

European J of Haematology

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An insect-bite-like reaction is known to occur in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Most of the literature, however, consists of isolated case reports or small case series. The aim of this retrospective study was to review the national experience with insect-bite-like reaction in a large group of patients with CLL. The study cohort of patients with these skin reactions consisted of 48 patients (25 males, 23 females) of mean age 64.8 yr (range 33-89) at skin eruption. Data on clinical, histologic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic characteristics, treatment, and outcome were collected from the medical files. Mean time between diagnosis of CLL and appearance of the skin lesions was 3.1 yr (range -4 to 14 yr). The eruption was not related to disease activity or the course of the hematological disease. The eruption preceded the diagnosis of CLL in 10 patients (by 0-4 yr); and followed the diagnosis in 36; in 11 patients, it occurred during therapy for CLL and in nine after therapy. Mean duration of the skin findings was 21.5 months (range 0.3-132). The eruption usually presented in summer, although it occurred also at other times of the year, and predominantly affected the upper and lower limbs, although it also appeared on unexposed areas. Treatment included local ointments, antihistaminics, oral steroids, antibiotics, phototherapy, and dapsone with varying responses. Insect-bite-like reactions is a relatively common and disturbing skin reaction in CLL patients, it may be related to the immune dysregulation accompanying CLL and further exacerbated by external factors, including actual insect bites, chemoimmunotherapy, and pyogenic infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Insect‐bite‐like reaction in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a study from the Israeli Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Study Group

Bairey

Goldschmidt

Ruchlemer

et al. 2012

European J of Haematology

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“…Aparecieron papulas con dermatitis eosinofilica a las 12 a 48 horas. Los gatos control (i3 1997 Blackwell Science Ltd, Veterinary Dermatology, 8, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] mostraron solamente eritema leve y transitorio tras la picadura. Se realizaron pruebas cutaneas intradermicas con extracto de A .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…(Reactividad cutanea a las picaduras de mosquito y sus antigenos en el gato.) Veterinary Dermatology 1997; 8: [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Cutaneous reactivity to mosquito bites and its antigens in cats

Nagata

Ishida

1997

Veterinary Dermatology

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This study describes 26 cats with mosquito bite hypersensitivity. Most were short-haired, freeroaming cats. Typical clinical features were seasonal (summer), symmetric miliary dermatitis on the pinnae. Mosquito bite exposure with Aedes albopictus was performed on the pinnae and the lateral thorax in five cases and three healthy cats. All sites showed weals within 20 min. Papules, which revealed eosinophilic dermatitis, were recognized during a 1248-h period. The control cats showed only slight and transient erythema after being bitten. Intradermal skin tests with an extract of A. aibopictus were performed in three cases, and Prausnitz-Kustner tests under A . albopictus bites were performed in three cases. Both tests showed weals in all cases studied, although papules were not observed. Intradermal skin tests with the control cats, and Prausnitz-Kiistner tests with saline and healthy cat serum failed to produce any positive reactions. The findings indicate that mosquito bite hypersensitivity in cats is triggered by a type I hypersensitivity reaction to mosquito antigens. Certain other factors may be involved in the formation of delayed papular reactions. Whether this is a normal or abnormal reaction to mosquito bites is also discussed.

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“…Depending on the sensitivity of the victim, mosquito bites may have an urticarial, vesicular, eczematoid, or granulomatous appearance. 47,[253][254][255][256][257] Scents and bright colors, which are attractants for mosquitoes, are best avoided on warm summer nights. 258 The most effective repellent for all biting flies, including mosquitoes, is diethyltoluamide.…”

Section: Flies and Mosquitoesmentioning

confidence: 99%