Excavations at Barveh Tepe: New Insights into the Early Bronze Age in Northwest Iran

Sharifi, Mahnaz

doi:10.1086/710363

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The driving force was the movement of the nomads bearing the characteristic Early Transcaucasian culture from their homeland in Caucasia towards regions further south (Batiuk & Rothman, 2007, p. 16). In spite of its common origins, one should never turn a blind eye to local idiosyncrasies of the culture (Sharifi, 2020b). Since it prevailed over a vast extent with diverse geographic and environmental settings, it would fall under the sway of local traditions that were evidently materialized in respective material cultures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A laboratory analysis of the Kura‐Araxes pottery from Tepe Pirtaj using petrography and XRF techniques

Sharifi

Omrani

2022

Archaeometry

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Sounding at the archaeological site of Tepe Pirtaj in Bijar of Kurdistan aimed to investigate the foremost cultural phenomenon of the third millennium BCE across the Near East, namely the Kura-Araxes culture, in the eastern Central Zagros, as the site promised to provide important insights into the spread of the culture in an easternmost tract of the Central Zagros. Characterized by a grey body often bearing incised decorations, the Kura-Araxes material from Pirtaj shows high expertise in manufacture. The present study explored the pottery technology and manufacturing by selecting a sample of 12 sherds for petrographic and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses. The main objective was to examine the composition and structure, differences and comparisons, firing temperature and origin (local or imported) of the ceramics. This is of particular significance given the dearth of contemporaneous sites in Bijar. Petrographic and XRF analyses showed the ceramics to be indigenous to the region and, thus, locally produced. The whole sample was found to have been fired at temperatures below 800 C. Geological data attest to the abundance of slate, lime, quartz and calcite in the regional mountains and sediments. Thus the ceramics were locally produced, though some slight differences are discernible as regards technological aspects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A laboratory analysis of the Kura‐Araxes pottery from Tepe Pirtaj using petrography and XRF techniques

Sharifi

Omrani

2022

Archaeometry

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“…2900-2500 BCE). Additional vessels, both painted and plain, find better parallels to the east at sites such as Godin Tepe (Henrickson 1986; and Chogha Maran (Levine and Young 1987:48-50) in the central Zagros Mountains and at Hasanlu (Danti et al 2004), Hasan Ali (Kroll 2004(Kroll , 2005, and Barveh Tepe (Sharifi 2020) in the northern Zagros Mountains. Usually, these painted traditions occur in isolation, but at Kani Shaie they were found together within the same contexts, providing an opportunity to define the chronological relationship between them.…”

Section: Kani Shaie-stratigraphic Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing an Absolute Chronological Framework for the Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age in Iraqi Kurdistan: Radiocarbon Dates From Kani Shaie

et al. 2022

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The possibility to conduct new fieldwork projects in previously largely unexplored Iraqi Kurdistan during the past decade has reinvigorated research into the transformative fifth to third millennium BCE (Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age) in southwest Asia when human societies grew from small, autonomous villages to centralized states with urban centers. Major efforts to synchronize stratigraphic sequences from various sites in order to reach a consensus on archaeological periodization and to identify the absolute chronology of societal transformations necessarily focused on available datasets from Syria, Turkey, and Iran. However, increased understanding of differences in communities’ adoption, adaptation, or rejection of new forms of technologies and social organization demands the need for constructing region-specific absolute chronological models for comparative analysis. Such work is particularly challenging in the case of Iraqi Kurdistan where sites frequently have major hiatuses in occupation. The site of Kani Shaie (Sulaymaniyah Governorate) offers the rare opportunity to investigate the Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age with a largely uninterrupted sequence of occupation from ca. 5500 to 2500 BCE. This paper presents a series of fourteen radiocarbon dates, representing every archaeological period in this timeframe, as a first step toward the construction of a regional absolute chronology.

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Archaeometric analysis of pottery sherds from Barveh Tepe: Insights into Early Bronze Age pottery‐making techniques and firing temperatures

Barani,

Ghorbani,

Moradi

et al. 2024

Archaeometry

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Barveh Tepe, an archaeological site from the Early Bronze Age in the Zagros Mountains of Iran, was the focus of an archaeometric analysis in this study. The aim was to evaluate the firing temperature of excavated pottery sherds from Barveh Tepe and to gain insights into the pottery‐making techniques employed. A range of analytical methods, including optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), was utilized to characterize the pottery sherds. The results revealed the utilization of two primary types of raw clays: calcite‐rich (calcareous) and calcite‐poor (non‐calcareous). The presence of calcite in calcareous pottery samples was confirmed, with the calcareous pottery showing a low CO3−2 vibrational band, indicating a low firing temperature. Through the integration of SEM images, FTIR spectra, TGA curve and XRD pattern results, the estimated firing temperature range for Barveh Tepe pottery was determined to be between 600 and 1100°C. These findings provide new insights into the pottery‐making practices of the Early Bronze Age and shed light on the technological advancements of the period.

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Excavations at Barveh Tepe: New Insights into the Early Bronze Age in Northwest Iran

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

A laboratory analysis of the Kura‐Araxes pottery from Tepe Pirtaj using petrography and XRF techniques

A laboratory analysis of the Kura‐Araxes pottery from Tepe Pirtaj using petrography and XRF techniques

Establishing an Absolute Chronological Framework for the Late Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age in Iraqi Kurdistan: Radiocarbon Dates From Kani Shaie

Archaeometric analysis of pottery sherds from Barveh Tepe: Insights into Early Bronze Age pottery‐making techniques and firing temperatures

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