Excessive nitrogen in field-grown rice suppresses grain filling of inferior spikelets by reducing the accumulation of cytokinin and auxin

Chen, Yinke; Teng, Zhonghua; Yuan, Youqing; Yi, Zhenxie; Zheng, Qin; Yu, Huihui; Lv, Jiahan; Wang, Yuxing; Duan, Meijuan; Zhang, Jianhua; Ye, Nenghui

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108542

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…There are similar findings in wheat; it was reported that high nitrogen application reduced the grain-filling rate and grain weight of IG in the middle spikelets compared with those under normal nitrogen treatment [38]. Chen et al [37] found that excessive nitrogen application reduced the accumulation of cytokinin and auxin, accordingly inhibiting the filling of inferior grains. On the other hand, high nitrogen inhibited the sucrose transport and starch accumulation characteristics in rice, thereby reducing the grain filling rate [37,38].…”

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Level On Rice Yield and Grain Fillingmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Indeed, it was reported that higher nitrogen application rate significantly reduced the filling rate of SG, not IG, compared with a lower nitrogen application rate [36]. However, Chen et al [37] found that the grain weight and grain-filling rate of inferior spikelets were significantly promoted by normal nitrogen application when compared with those of the high-nitrogen treatment. We also found the same results.…”

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Level On Rice Yield and Grain Fillingmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Chen et al [37] found that excessive nitrogen application reduced the accumulation of cytokinin and auxin, accordingly inhibiting the filling of inferior grains. On the other hand, high nitrogen inhibited the sucrose transport and starch accumulation characteristics in rice, thereby reducing the grain filling rate [37,38].…”

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Level On Rice Yield and Grain Fillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low nitrogen was found to reduce cytokinin content by inhibiting the biosynthesis of cytokinin, and the application of moderate nitrogen increased the expression of cytokinin biosynthesis genes and thus promoted cytokinin content in roots and leaves [41,42]. However, many studies reported that CTK content was regulated by catabolism rather than biosynthesis in response to excessive nitrogen treatment [37,43]. The cytokinins were lower in inferior spikelets by high nitrogen application (240 kg N ha −1 ), resulting in significantly reduced grain filling when compared with normal treatment (120 kg N ha −1 ) [37].…”

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Level On Rice Yield and Grain Fillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many studies reported that CTK content was regulated by catabolism rather than biosynthesis in response to excessive nitrogen treatment [37,43]. The cytokinins were lower in inferior spikelets by high nitrogen application (240 kg N ha −1 ), resulting in significantly reduced grain filling when compared with normal treatment (120 kg N ha −1 ) [37]. The response of catabolism and anabolism of cytokinins in superior and inferior grains to nitrogen fertilizer needs to be further studied.…”

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Level On Rice Yield and Grain Fillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excessive Nitrogen Application Leads to Lower Rice Yield and Grain Quality by Inhibiting the Grain Filling of Inferior Grains

et al. 2022

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Nitrogen fertilizer is an important agronomic measure to regulate rice yield and grain quality. Grain filling is crucial for the formation of rice yield and grain quality. However, there are few studies on the effects of excessive nitrogen application (ENA) on grain filling rate and grain quality. A two-year field experiment was conducted to reveal the difference in grain filling characteristics and grain quality of superior grains (SG) and inferior grains (IG), as well as their responses to nitrogen fertilizer. We determined the grain appearance, the rice yield, the grain filling characteristics of SG and IG, and grain quality. We found that with the increasing nitrogen application level, grain yield of both varieties first increased and then decreased. The average yield of excessive nitrogen application (345 kg N ha−1) was 2.68–6.31% lower than that of appropriate nitrogen application (270 kg N ha−1). ENA reduced the grain filling rate by 12.7–25.8%, and the grain filling rate of SG was higher than that of IG. Increasing nitrogen application increased the processing quality and appearance quality of rice grain, but ENA deteriorated the appearance quality, eating quality and nutritional quality. The amylose content and taste value of SS were 3.1–9.7% and 7.1–20.2% higher than those of IS, respectively. The protein components of SG were lower than those of IG. Taken together, our results revealed that ENA leads to the lowering of rice grain yield and grain quality by suppressed grain filling of inferior grains.

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Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Level On Rice Yield and Grain Fillingmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Level On Rice Yield and Grain Fillingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Level On Rice Yield and Grain Fillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Level On Rice Yield and Grain Fillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Nitrogen Level On Rice Yield and Grain Fillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excessive Nitrogen Application Leads to Lower Rice Yield and Grain Quality by Inhibiting the Grain Filling of Inferior Grains

et al. 2022

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Varietal differences in stem assimilate translocation and lodging resistance of rice under reduced nitrogen input

Li,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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The low translocation rate of stem assimilates and lodging under high nitrogen conditions are major factors limiting the realization of the yield potential of rice. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the characteristics of stem nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) translocation and lodging resistance in different types of rice varieties and (2) elucidate the responses of stem NSCs translocation and lodging resistance to reduced nitrogen (RN) input. Field experiments were conducted using four types of rice varieties with two nitrogen levels, including normal nitrogen (NN, namely, farmer's practice, 225 kg N ha−1 for indica conventional and indica hybrid rice and 300 kg N ha−1 for japonica conventional and indica–japonica hybrid rice in Jiangsu Province, China) and 20% RN (180 and 240 kg N ha−1, respectively). The results showed that there were significant differences in the stem NSCs translocation and lodging index of the basal stem among different types of varieties; indica hybrid rice was the highest, followed by indica conventional rice and indica–japonica hybrid rice, while japonica conventional rice was the lowest. The high activities of α‐amylase, β‐amylase, and sucrose phosphate synthase may contribute to high stem NSCs translocation. Correlation analysis revealed that NSCs translocation was significantly positively correlated with 1000‐grain weight, grain yield, and lodging index, while it was significantly negatively correlated with dry weight/length, dry weight/volume, and bending stress of the basal stem. Compared with NN, RN significantly improved NSCs translocation and had no significant effect on the lodging resistance‐related traits of the basal stem or grain yield. Therefore, this research indicates that a 20% reduction in nitrogen input can maintain grain yield by enhancing stem assimilate translocation without lodging resistance reduction and consequently synergizing nitrogen reduction, high yield, and lodging resistance.

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Purine permease (PUP) family gene PUP11 positively regulates the rice seed setting rate by influencing seed development

Rong,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Plant Cell Rep

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The distribution of cytokinins in plant tissues determines plant growth and development and is regulated by several cytokinin transporters. Purine permease (PUP) is a cytokinin transporter found in plants. Although 13 PUP genes have been identi ed in the rice genome, however, most of their functions remain unknown. We found that pup11mutants showed extremely low seed setting rates and a unique lled seed distribution. Our research revealed that pup11 mutants showed seed formation arrest because the accumulated starch disappeared 10 days after owering. PUP11 has two major transcripts with different expression patterns and subcellular locations, and further studies revealed that they have redundant positive roles in regulating the seed setting rate. We also found that type-A RR genes were upregulated in the developing grains of the pup11 mutant compared with the wild type. The results also showed that PUP11 altered the expression of several sucrose transporters and signi cantly upregulated certain starch biosynthesis genes. In summary, our results indicate that PUP11 in uences the rice seed setting rate by regulating sucrose transport and starch accumulation during grain lling. This research provides new insights into the relationship between cytokinins and seed development, which may help improve cereal yield.

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Excessive nitrogen in field-grown rice suppresses grain filling of inferior spikelets by reducing the accumulation of cytokinin and auxin

Cited by 29 publications

References 54 publications

Excessive Nitrogen Application Leads to Lower Rice Yield and Grain Quality by Inhibiting the Grain Filling of Inferior Grains

Excessive Nitrogen Application Leads to Lower Rice Yield and Grain Quality by Inhibiting the Grain Filling of Inferior Grains

Varietal differences in stem assimilate translocation and lodging resistance of rice under reduced nitrogen input

Purine permease (PUP) family gene PUP11 positively regulates the rice seed setting rate by influencing seed development

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