Executive functions in trauma-exposed youth: a meta-analysis

Kelder, Rosanne op den; Akker, Alithe L. van den; Geurts, Hilde M.; Lindauer, Ramón; Overbeek, Geertjan

doi:10.1080/20008198.2018.1450595

Cited by 69 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Maltreatment leads to serious problems in children’s psychosocial functioning. It has shown to be associated with lower executive functioning, which negatively influences behaviour in daily life (Op den Kelder, Van den Akker, Geurts, Lindauer, & Overbeek, 2018 ). Experiences of childhood trauma also have a negative impact on the developing stress regulatory system of the brain, resulting in children’s difficulty to regulate their emotions (Burkholder, Koss, Hostinar, Johnson, & Gunnar, 2016 ; Kim & Cicchetti, 2010 ; Perry, Runyan, & Sturges, 1998 ).…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Training For Foster Parents ‘Caring For Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Caring for children who have experienced trauma’ – an evaluation of a training for foster parents

Konijn¹,

Colonnesi

Kroneman

et al. 2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Foster children, mostly maltreated in their birth families, may be fostered by parents who know little about the impact of traumatic experiences. Objective: The present study investigated whether the training Caring for Children who Have Experienced Trauma for foster parents can break the negative circle of traumatic stress. The hypothesis was that improvement in parents' knowledge on trauma and mind-mindedness would be associated with a reduction of their parenting stress, children's post-traumatic stress symptoms, and behaviour problems. Method: Forty-eight foster parents (n female = 35) participated in a pre-test (T1), post-test (T2), and follow-up (T3) assessment. Questionnaires on knowledge on trauma, parenting stress, child post-traumatic stress symptoms, the child's behaviour, and the evaluation of the training were administered. Parents' mind-mindedness was assessed using the describeyour-child interview. Results: Foster parents highly appreciated the training, their knowledge on child trauma increased at T2 and this growth persisted at T3. The parents who gained most knowledge experienced a small decrease in parenting stress at T2. Although the general mindmindedness did not significantly change, foster parents' mind-mindedness with positive valence substantially increased at T2 and T3, while their mind-mindedness with neutral valence decreased. Foster parents' report on child PTSS declined at T3 compared to T2, but not compared to T1. No changes were found in children's behaviour as reported by the foster parents. The proportion of foster children receiving trauma-focused treatment increased at T2 and T3. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that training in trauma-informed parenting can be effective in improving foster parents' knowledge on the impact of traumatic experiences and in increasing a positive mental representation of their foster child as well as in reducing children's post-traumatic symptoms.

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Section: Evaluation Of the Training For Foster Parents ‘Caring For Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Caring for children who have experienced trauma’ – an evaluation of a training for foster parents

Konijn¹,

Colonnesi

Kroneman

et al. 2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Taken together, these findings suggest that salient visuospatial sensory information, guided, in part, by oculomotion, informs perspective on the relevance of incoming sensory input. Previous studies have indicated that eye movements performed simultaneously with episodic memory retrieval tax working memory resources; such interference may reduce the capacity to engage in other higher order tasks reliant upon executive functioning (Maxfield, Melnyk, & Hayman, 2008;Op den Kelder, Van den Akker, Geurts, Lindauer, & Overbeek, 2018).…”

Section: Dorsal Attentional Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overlapping frontoparietal networks in response to oculomotion and traumatic autobiographical memory retrieval: implications for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

Harricharan

McKinnon

Tursich

et al. 2019

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Oculomotor movements have been shown to aid in the retrieval of episodic memories, serving as sensory cues that engage frontoparietal brain regions to reconstruct visuospatial details of a memory. Frontoparietal brain regions not only are involved in oculomotion, but also mediate, in part, the retrieval of autobiographical episodic memories and assist in emotion regulation. Objective: We sought to investigate how oculomotion influences retrieval of traumatic memories by examining patterns of frontoparietal brain activation during autobiographical memory retrieval in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and in healthy controls. Method: Thirty-nine participants (controls, n = 19; PTSD, n = 20) recollected both neutral and traumatic/stressful autobiographical memories while cued simultaneously by horizontal and vertical oculomotor stimuli. The frontal (FEF) and supplementary (SEF) eye fields were used as seed regions for psychophysiological interaction analyses in SPM12. Results: As compared to controls, upon retrieval of a traumatic/stressful memory while also performing simultaneous horizontal eye movements, PTSD showed: i) increased SEF and FEF connectivity with the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ii) increased SEF connectivity with the right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and iii) increased SEF connectivity with the right anterior insula. By contrast, as compared to PTSD, upon retrieval of a traumatic/stressful memory while also performing simultaneous horizontal eye movements, controls showed: i) increased FEF connectivity with the right posterior insula and ii) increased SEF connectivity with the precuneus. Conclusions: These findings provide a neurobiological account for how oculomotion may influence the frontoparietal cortical representation of traumatic memories. Implications for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing are discussed.

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“…Traumatic experiences and PTSS have both been associated with reduced cognitive functioning relative to performance in healthy control (S. Malarbi et al, 2017;Scott et al, 2015), with potential consequences for everyday functioning (Biederman et al, 2004;Danzi & La Greca, 2017). One of the cognitive domains that appear to be most affected is executive functions (B. C. Kavanaugh et al, 2017;Op den Kelder et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous reviews (B. C. Kavanaugh et al, 2017;Pechtel & Pizzagalli, 2011;Perkins & Graham-Bermann, 2012) and meta-analyses (S. Malarbi et al, 2017;Op den Kelder et al, 2018) have focused on associations between early-life stress or trauma exposure and functioning in different cognitive domains in children and adolescents. Instead, we chose to focus on cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with PTSS, rather than on groups with reported experienced traumatic events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unity or diversity of executive functioning in children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress symptoms? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Nyvold¹,

Nygaard²,

Augusti³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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For some children the psychological reactions to a traumatic event develop into severe or persistent posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) or the clinical condition of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cognitive problems in children with PTSS have been reported, but it is not clear which specific functions are affected. Executive functions is a domain of particular interest, given its importance for academic performance and social and emotional functioning. A systematic literature search was performed and 12 studies with 55 comparisons of executive functions in children with PTSS and healthy controls were eligible for meta-analysis. A subset of the studies also included a comparison group of children with traumatic experienced but without PTSS. Overall, across all tasks and measures, children with PTSS showed lower executive functioning than healthy controls (SMD = -0.57). The effect sizes between the subdomains complex tasks, verbal fluency, inhibition, shifting and working memory were not significantly different from each other, but were largest for verbal fluency (SMD = -1.29) and working memory (SMD = -0.59). Analyses comparing children with traumatic experiences with and without PTSS similarly showed overall lower executive functioning in the PTSS group (SMD = -0.34) and no significant differences in effect sizes between subdomains. The results have implications for assessment and clinical work with youth exposed to traumatic events. We should be aware of the poor executive functioning that may be an issue for some children with a history of trauma and subsequent development of PTSS, and the impact this could have on everyday functioning.

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Executive functions in trauma-exposed youth: a meta-analysis

Cited by 69 publications

References 61 publications

‘Caring for children who have experienced trauma’ – an evaluation of a training for foster parents

‘Caring for children who have experienced trauma’ – an evaluation of a training for foster parents

Overlapping frontoparietal networks in response to oculomotion and traumatic autobiographical memory retrieval: implications for eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

Unity or diversity of executive functioning in children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress symptoms? A systematic review and meta-analysis

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