Exercise and Blood Flow Restriction

Pope, Zachary K.; Willardson, Jeffrey M.; Schöenfeld, Brad J.

doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182874721

Cited by 185 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Furthermore, Manini et al [95] failed to detect any differences in myostatin mRNA levels following 4 sets of bilateral knee extension exercise at 20% 1RM either with or without BFR. These contrasting findings suggest significant reductions in myostatin expression may require prolonged BFR training, rather than a single exposure [64].…”

Section: Intramuscular Signallingmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Significant increases in testosterone have previously been demonstrated following non-restricted multi-joint resistance training of considerably higher volume and intensity [62]. This suggests that the magnitude of testosterone responses might not be affected by the degree of metabolic stress during resistance exercise [5,63], but rather by factors such as the amount of muscle mass stimulated, and the intensity and volume of exercise [64].…”

Section: Hormonal Responsesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Similar findings were reported by Goldfarb et al [85], who observed no significant increase in markers of oxidative stress (glutathione status and plasma protein carbonyls) following lowintensity (30% 1RM) resistance exercise with BFR, despite increases following both moderate-intensity (70% 1RM) resistance exercise without BFR, and BFR alone. As such, further research is required to investigate whether markers of redox signalling and exercise-induced ROS production are augmented by the addition of BFR, and if ROS play a role in subsequent cellular signalling processes for post-exercise muscle adaptations [64].…”

Section: Intramuscular Signallingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypoxia and Resistance Exercise: A Comparison of Localized and Systemic Methods

et al. 2014

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It is generally believed that optimal hypertrophic and strength gains are induced through moderate-or high-intensity resistance training, equivalent at least 60% of an individual's 1-repetition maximum (1RM). However, recent evidence suggests that similar adaptations are facilitated when low-intensity resistance exercise (~20-50% 1RM) is combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) to the working muscles. Although the mechanisms underpinning these responses are not yet firmly established, it appears that localized hypoxia created by BFR may provide an anabolic stimulus by enhancing the metabolic and endocrine response, and increase cellular swelling and signalling function following resistance exercise. Moreover, BFR has also been demonstrated to increase type II muscle fibre recruitment during exercise.However, inappropriate implementation of BFR can result in detrimental effects, including petechial haemorrhage and dizziness. Further, as BFR is limited to the limbs, the muscles of the trunk are unable to be trained under localized hypoxia. More recently, the use of systemic hypoxia via hypoxic chambers and devices has been investigated as a novel way to stimulate similar physiological responses to resistance training as BFR techniques. While little evidence is available, reports indicate that beneficial adaptations, similar to those induced by BFR, are possible using these methods. The use of systemic hypoxia allows large groups to train concurrently within a hypoxic chamber using multi-joint exercises. However, further scientific research is required to fully understand the mechanisms that cause augmented muscular changes during resistance exercise with a localized or systemic hypoxic stimulus.3

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Section: Intramuscular Signallingmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Hormonal Responsesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Intramuscular Signallingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypoxia and Resistance Exercise: A Comparison of Localized and Systemic Methods

et al. 2014

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“…6,8 No entanto, os mecanismos fisiológicos envolvidos na hipertrofia muscular induzida pelo exercício com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo não estão totalmente esclarecidos, mas parecem estar relacionados com a hipóxia e acidose musculares, estimulação de metaborreceptores, provocando uma resposta hormonal sistêmica como o aumento de secreção do hormônio do crescimento (GH) e dos fatores de crescimento semelhantes à insulina 1 (IGF-1), aumento da síntese proteica através da via Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), diminuição da expressão de miostatina (Growth Differentiation Factor 8 -GDF-8) e diferenciação das células-satélites em mioblastos, aumentando o número de fibras musculares. 9,12,13 Diversos estudos mostram efeitos agudos morfofuncionais musculares promovidos pelos exercícios resistidos de baixa intensidade com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo. 7,10,[14][15][16] Suga e colaboradores 17 verificaram as respostas metabólicas musculares em indivíduos jovens e saudáveis de ambos os sexos em exercício de flexão plantar unilateral com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo durante dois minutos (30 repetições por minuto) em um programa de uma semana de treinamento e observaram que: o exercício de baixa intensidade 30% de 1 RM com oclusão vascular de 130% da pressão arterial sistólica pode substituir o exercício de alta intensidade 65% de 1 RM sem restrição do fluxo sanguíneo e o exercício de baixa intensidade 40% de 1 RM com oclusão vascular de 130% da pressão arterial sistólica apresentou maior resposta metabólica muscular que o exercício de alta intensidade 65% de 1 RM sem restrição do fluxo sanguíneo.…”

Section: Aspectos Musculares Dos Exercícios Com Restrição Do Fluxo Saunclassified

“…Nos estudos de Pope e colaboradores 12 sobre IR subsequente e associada ao exercício com oclusão vascular foram encontrados aumentos dos níveis de espécies reativas de oxigênio, que podem causar lesão celular por meio de peroxidação lipídica e danos no DNA. Já Takarada e colaboradores 15 estudaram sobre os exercícios com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo, mas não encontraram mudanças significativas nas concentrações de peróxido lipídico entre o grupo com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo em comparação com o grupo-controle.…”

Section: Aspectos Cardiovasculares Dos Exercícios Com Restrição Do Flunclassified

Aspectos metodológicos e aplicações clínicas dos exercícios com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo

Grutter

Bottino

Farinatti

et al. 2013

Revista Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto

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ResumoO treinamento resistido vem despertando o interesse dos profissionais da saúde, sendo utilizado na prevenção e na reabilitação de lesões, na promoção da saúde e na melhora do desempenho desportivo. O exercício de baixa intensidade com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo representa uma alternativa para indivíduos intolerantes aos protocolos tradicionais recomendados pelo Colégio Americano de Medicina Desportiva, que preconizam alta intensidade para aumento da força e da hipertrofia muscular. Nesse método utiliza-se um manguito de pressão colocado no terço proximal dos membros superiores e/ou inferiores, promovendo uma isquemia muscular com consequente aumento da atividade anabólica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre os aspectos metodológicos dos exercícios com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo, assim como verificar os efeitos musculares e cardiovasculares promovidos por esse tipo de treinamento e suas possíveis aplicações clínicas. Podemos concluir que existem diferentes propostas metodológicas utilizadas nesse tipo de treinamento, não havendo ainda, um protocolo "ideal". No entanto, mesmo utilizando diferentes metodologias, os resultados sugerem que o exercício de baixa intensidade com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo promove respostas musculares semelhantes aos protocolos com cargas altas, como o aumento da força e hipertrofia muscular. No entanto, devem ser prescritos com cautela para indivíduos com doenças cardiovasculares, uma vez que parecem induzir ao aumento do fluxo retrógrado vascular, seguido de possível lesão endotelial por isquemia-reperfusão e consequente diminuição da vasodilatação endotélio-dependente.

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Salivary proteomic profile of response to different resistance training protocols: A case report

Santos,

Filho,

Ventura

et al. 2024

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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Resistance training (RT) with blood flow restriction (BFR) or high intensity (HI) are effective to increase muscle mass. To understand this effect, techniques known as “omics” are used to identify possible biomarkers. This study analyzed the salivary proteomic profile of healthy individuals trained before and after two RT protocols both designed with eight exercises for upper‐ and lower‐limbs, one performed at low percentage of one‐maximum repetition (%1RM) with BFR technique, and other at high %1RM (HI) without BRF technique. Four healthy males between 18 and 28 years participated in the study. Stimulated saliva was collected before (BBFR/BHI) and immediately after (ABFR/AHI) the two RT protocols. All protein‐related processing was performed using label‐free proteomic. The difference in expression between groups was expressed as p < .05 for downregulated proteins and 1‐p > .95 for upregulated proteins. There was difference in salivary flow between ABFR and BBFR (p = .005). For HI, 87 proteins were found after the practice and 119 before. Three hemoglobin isoforms were increased in AHI compared with BHI. In the BFR comparison, 105 proteins were identified after (ABFR) and 70 before (BBFR). Among those increased ABFR, we highlight five hemoglobin isoforms and Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein. Between ABFR and AHI, 17 isoforms of histones, Transaldolase, Transketolase, Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, and Antileukoproteinase were decreased ABFR. For HI, there was an increase in proteins related to oxidative stress and metabolism of the musculoskeletal system, compared with BFR. HI seems to induce higher anabolic signaling to muscle mass increase and antiatherosclerotic effects.

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Exercise and Blood Flow Restriction

Cited by 185 publications

References 101 publications

Hypoxia and Resistance Exercise: A Comparison of Localized and Systemic Methods

Hypoxia and Resistance Exercise: A Comparison of Localized and Systemic Methods

Aspectos metodológicos e aplicações clínicas dos exercícios com restrição do fluxo sanguíneo

Salivary proteomic profile of response to different resistance training protocols: A case report

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