Exercise dependence and the drive for muscularity in male bodybuilders, power lifters, and fitness lifters

Hale, Bruce D.; Roth, Andrew D.; DeLong, Ryan E.; Briggs, M. S.

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.02.001

Cited by 78 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Indeed, gyms are a central place for taking care of one’s own health (Andreasson & Johansson, 2014, 2015a). At the same time, they are a place where unhealthy and destructive eating and exercise behaviours have been reported (Bratland-Sanda & Sundgot-Borgen, 2015; Hale, Roth, DeLong, & Briggs, 2010; Höglund & Normén, 2002). In gym settings PTs play an important role in dealing with different health-related behaviours (Bratland-Sanda & Sundgot-Borgen, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“If it’s not Iron it’s Iron f*cking biggest Ironman”: personal trainers’ views on health norms, orthorexia and deviant behaviours

Håman

Lindgren

Prell

2017

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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Orthorexia nervosa (ON) describes a pathological obsession with healthy eating to avoid ill health. In the Swedish context, ON is also understood in terms of unhealthy exercise. Fitness gyms are popular health-promoting places, but exercise-related problems, disordered eating and ON-like behaviour are increasing. Personal trainers (PTs) play an important role in detecting unhealthy behaviours. The aim of the present study was to illuminate PTs’ understandings of healthy and unhealthy exercise and eating behaviours in relation to orthorexia nervosa in a fitness gym context. Five focus groups with 14 PTs were conducted. These were analysed using interpretative qualitative content analysis and Becker’s model “Kinds of Deviance.” In contrast to PTs’ health norms (practicing balanced behaviours and contributing to well-being), ON was expressed mainly in terms of exercise behaviour and as being excessive and in total control. The PTs maintain that extreme behaviours are legitimized by an aggressive exercise trend in society and that they fear to falsely accuse clients of being pathological. Certain sport contexts (bodybuilding, fitness competitions and elite sports) and specific groups (fitness professionals) contribute to complicating PTs’ negotiations due to a competition, performance and/or profession norm, making it difficult to determine whether or not to intervene.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“If it’s not Iron it’s Iron f*cking biggest Ironman”: personal trainers’ views on health norms, orthorexia and deviant behaviours

Håman

Lindgren

Prell

2017

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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“…Trabalhos recentes destacaram a importância deste construto na compreensão das experiências corporais masculinas [39][40][41][42] . Os estudos de Chittester e Hausenblas 43 e Hale et al 44 encontraram correlação signifi cativa entre dependência de exercício (avaliada por meio da Exercise Dependence Scale) e busca por muscularidade (avaliada por meio da Drive for Muscularity Scale). Ou seja, a insatisfação por não ser tão musculoso quanto se gostaria pode levar os homens a assumirem atitudes mais negativas em relação ao exercício, podendo em casos extremos contribuir com o surgimento do quadro de dismorfi a muscular.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Atitudes em relação ao exercício e insatisfação com a imagem corporal de frequentadores de academia

Costa

Torre

Alvarenga

2015

Rev. bras. educ. fís. esporte

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ResumoO presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de insatisfação com a imagem corporal e de atitudes negativas em relação ao exercício, bem como a correlação entre estes fatores, em frequentadores de academia de ambos os sexos. Uma amostra de 100 desportistas (67 mulheres e 33 homens) respondeu eletronicamente o Questionário de Imagem Corporal (Body Shape Questionnaire) e a Commitment Exercise Scale (CES). Os participantes relataram massa corporal, estatura, tempo de frequência na academia e objetivos da prática. Análise de correlação de Pearson entre BSQ e CES foi realizada, bem como comparação dos escores da CES segundo classificação da BSQ pelo teste T de Student. Diferenças entre os sexos foram avaliadas com modelo linear geral. Modelos de regressão linear testaram preditores para satisfação corporal ou atitudes em relação ao exercício. As mulheres apresentaram maior insatisfação com a imagem corporal (p < 0,001) e não houve diferença entre os sexos nas atitudes em relação ao exercício. Não foi encontrada correlação entre a insatisfação com a imagem corporal e as atitudes em relação ao exercício, mas houve correlação positiva entre o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal (p = 0,001 para homens; p = 0,002 para mulheres). O tempo de frequência na academia foi preditor de atitudes negativas em relação ao exercício (R2 = 0,580), e o IMC e uma menor importância do lazer para a prática de exercício foram preditores de insatisfação corporal (R2 = 0,368). Sugere-se a realização de estudos semelhantes que avaliem outros aspectos da imagem corporal, tal como a busca pela muscularidade.

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“…symptoms of depression and body dysmorphic disorder (Cafri, Strauss, & Thompson, 2002;Cafri & Thompson,' 2004;Chittester & Hausenblas, 2009;Hale, Roth, DeLong, & Briggs, 2010;Maida & Armstrong, 2005;McCreary & Sasse, 2000;Olivardia et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Associations among men's sexist attitudes, objectification of women, and their own drive for muscularity.

Swami¹,

Voracek²

2013

Psychology of Men & Masculinity

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The present study tested the hypothesis, derived from feminist perspectives on body image, that men's greater endorsement of sexist attitudes and objectification of women would be associated with their own drive for muscularity. A total of 327 British men completed scales measuring their drive for muscularity, sexist attitudes, hostility toward women, objectification of women, and key demographics. Results showed that greater drive for muscularity was significantly predicted by stronger objectification of women, hostility toward women, and sexist attitudes, once men's age and body mass index had been taken into account. These results suggest that oppressive beliefs held by men are associated with a desire for a more muscular physique. Implications for theoretical nraodels seeking to explain drive for muscularity among men are discussed in conclusion.

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Exercise dependence and the drive for muscularity in male bodybuilders, power lifters, and fitness lifters

Cited by 78 publications

References 23 publications

“If it’s not Iron it’s Iron f*cking biggest Ironman”: personal trainers’ views on health norms, orthorexia and deviant behaviours

“If it’s not Iron it’s Iron f*cking biggest Ironman”: personal trainers’ views on health norms, orthorexia and deviant behaviours

Atitudes em relação ao exercício e insatisfação com a imagem corporal de frequentadores de academia

Associations among men's sexist attitudes, objectification of women, and their own drive for muscularity.

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