Exercise Dose and Diabetes Risk in Overweight and Obese Children

Davis, Catherine L.; Pollock, Norman K.; Waller, Jennifer L.; Allison, J. B.; Dennis, Brittany; Bassali, Reda; Meléndez, Agustín; Boyle, Colleen A.; Gower, Barbara A.

doi:10.1001/2012.jama.10762

Cited by 187 publications

(227 citation statements)

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“…Sixteen of the 32 effects for fasting insulin were gathered from studies that provided multiple effects. Two effects could be calculated when information was reported for multiple demographic groups, 32 disease populations, 31 training intensities, 23 session durations, 33 or training modes within a single study. 26,40,50,51 Six of the 15 effects examining IR were gathered studies providing multiple effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 SDs from the largest study available were used to estimate the ES 30 when group mean values and measures of variability were not provided. [31][32][33] Postintervention values in these publications were reported as change scores 31,32 or in figures provided by the authors. 33 ES values were calculated after adjusting for small sample bias.…”

Section: Es Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[31][32][33] Postintervention values in these publications were reported as change scores 31,32 or in figures provided by the authors. 33 ES values were calculated after adjusting for small sample bias. 29 IR was calculated by using fasting levels of insulin and glucose by using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) technique in each study included in this analysis.…”

Section: Es Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise and Insulin Resistance in Youth: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of obesity and diabetes is increasing among children, adolescents, and adults. Although estimates of the efficacy of exercise training on fasting insulin and insulin resistance have been provided, for adults similar estimates have not been provided for youth. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a quantitative estimate of the effectiveness of exercise training on fasting insulin and insulin resistance in children and adolescents.METHODS: Potential sources were limited to peer-reviewed articles published before June 25, 2013, and gathered from the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Physical Education Index, and Web of Science online databases. Analysis was limited to randomized controlled trials by using combinations of the terms adolescent, child, pediatric, youth, exercise training, physical activity, diabetes, insulin, randomized trial, and randomized controlled trial. The authors assessed 546 sources, of which 4.4% (24 studies) were eligible for inclusion. Thirty-two effects were used to estimate the effect of exercise training on fasting insulin, with 15 effects measuring the effect on insulin resistance. Estimated effects were independently calculated by multiple authors, and conflicts were resolved before calculating the overall effect. RESULTS:Based on the cumulative results from these studies, a small to moderate effect was found for exercise training on fasting insulin and improving insulin resistance in youth (Hedges' d effect size = 0.48 [95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.74], P , .001 and 0.31 [95% confidence interval: 0.06-0.56], P , .05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:These results support the use of exercise training in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Pediatrics 2014;133:e163-e174 Mr Fedewa conceptualized and designed the study, conducted the initial analysis, and drafted the initial manuscript; Dr Gist coded and analyzed effects and reviewed and revised the initial manuscript; Dr Evans assisted with conceptualizing and designing the study and reviewed and revised the initial manuscript; Dr Dishman assisted with conceptualizing and designing the study, performed additional statistical analysis, and critically reviewed and revised the initial manuscript; and all authors approved the final manuscript as submitted. The global prevalence of pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has paralleled the rise in obesity, increasing steadily since the late 1970s. 1 This endocrine disorder is caused by a combination of peripheral insulin resistance (IR) in muscle and adipose tissue and inadequate insulin secretion from the pancreas, eventually resulting in a relative insulin deficiency. 2 Early dysfunction in b-cell activity and cellular IR appear long before manifestation of the signs and symptoms of T2DM. 3 Deterioration of peripheral insulin sensitivity and b-cell dysfunction can be observed as the disease progresses in youth at risk for developing metabolic syndrome and T2DM. 4 Puberty is marked by a decrease in physical activity 5 and an incr...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Es Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Es Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise and Insulin Resistance in Youth: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2014

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“…Many studies have investigated the effects of endurance exercise on T2D because of the improvement in insulin sensitivity, the reduction of glucose levels, and improved glycemic control (12)(13)(14). However, the effects of resistance exercise on T2D risk have not been widely studied.…”

Section: Slc30a8 Nonsynonymous Variant Is Associated With Recovery Fomentioning

confidence: 99%

SLC30A8 Nonsynonymous Variant Is Associated With Recovery Following Exercise and Skeletal Muscle Size and Strength

et al. 2013

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Genome-wide association studies have identified thousands of variants that are associated with numerous phenotypes. One such variant, rs13266634, a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter) member eight gene, is associated with a 53% increase in the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). We hypothesized that individuals with the protective allele against T2D would show a positive response to short-term and long-term resistance exercise. Two cohorts of young adults—the Eccentric Muscle Damage (EMD; n = 156) cohort and the Functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Muscle Size and Strength Study (FAMuSS; n = 874)—were tested for association of the rs13266634 variant with measures of skeletal muscle response to resistance exercise. Our results were sexually dimorphic in both cohorts. Men in the EMD study with two copies of the protective allele showed less post-exercise bout strength loss, less soreness, and lower creatine kinase values. In addition, men in the FAMuSS, homozygous for the protective allele, showed higher pre-exercise strength and larger arm skeletal muscle volume, but did not show a significant difference in skeletal muscle hypertrophy or strength with resistance training.

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“…By following the principles of physical training and child development, we and others have shown that children on wide spectrum of age and obesity can complete long-term programs of VPA (age-adjusted relative intensity: 70-80% of maximum heart rate) [24,29,30]. Risk for injury in intervention studies using VPA is no different from what is reported in children participating in recreational sport play [24,29,30]. However, it is unrealistic to expect all children starting the program with all activities being vigorous.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Fitness and Obesity in Children: The Role of Vigorous Physical ActivityMoncton

Yin¹

2017

AOWMC

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We proposed a physical fitness oriented approach in the prevention of childhood obesity based on the literature and our own studies. We believe that obesity prevention should focus on various attributes of physical fitness using moderate and vigorous intensity physical activities. We specifically argued for the importance of vigorous physical activity in reaching energy balance and preventing obesity in children.

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Exercise Dose and Diabetes Risk in Overweight and Obese Children

Cited by 187 publications

References 50 publications

Exercise and Insulin Resistance in Youth: A Meta-Analysis

Exercise and Insulin Resistance in Youth: A Meta-Analysis

SLC30A8 Nonsynonymous Variant Is Associated With Recovery Following Exercise and Skeletal Muscle Size and Strength

Physical Fitness and Obesity in Children: The Role of Vigorous Physical ActivityMoncton

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