Exercise in Older Adults: The Effect of Age on Exercise Endocrinology

Copeland, Jennifer L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-62703-314-5_23

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…This fact can make it complex and challenging for researchers to detect hormonal changes (even relatively large ones) in thyroid gland activity after an affecting event, such as physical exercise [3]. As noted, the thyroids greatly influence a multitude of tissue and organ functions as well as growth and development across the human lifespan, although, this effect is mitigated as an individual age [4]. Examples of these physiologic actions, especially relevant to a person’s ability to exercise, are as follows [1-3]:…”

Section: Thyroid Hormones Function and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The thyroid axis, prolactin, and exercise in humans

Hackney

Saeidi

2019

Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research

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The thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine as well as the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin each serve vital roles in humans. When challenged by stressful situations, all of these hormones respond in an attempt to maintain homeostasis. One powerful stressor to invoke the release of these hormones is physical activity, that is, exercise. The thyroids and prolactin each have independent roles allowing the body to accommodate to exercise. But they also share an interrelation in their responses. Hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone release invoked by stress stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thus the thyroids as well as the release of prolactin. Likewise, estrogen serves as an interconnective regulatory link by stimulating the release of both the thyroids and prolactin. The roles of these hormones in exercise are multifaceted, but one overlapping and common function is their combined aid and support of the tissue inflammatory responses after exercise. This is highly critical for facilitating elements of the adaptive-recovery procedures to exercise and exercise training.

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Section: Thyroid Hormones Function and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The thyroid axis, prolactin, and exercise in humans

Hackney

Saeidi

2019

Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research

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“…However, before exercise can be proposed as a viable countermeasure to endocrinological dysregulation, it is important to consider the existing literature in terms of methodologies, quality of research and heterogeneity, and conduct a systematic review of available literature. To the best of our knowledge, only one narrative review [ 19 ] and two book chapters [ 46 , 47 ] have reviewed the effects of physical exercise on changes in anabolic and catabolic hormones in older adults. Therefore, it seemed prudent to conduct a systematic review of the effects of various exercise training protocols on ostensibly anabolic and catabolic hormones in people aged > 40 years with normal body mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exercise Training on Anabolic and Catabolic Hormones with Advanced Age: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Background Ageing is accompanied by decreases in physical capacity and physiological regulatory mechanisms including altered hormonal regulation compared with age-matched sedentary people. The potential benefits of exercise in restoring such altered hormone production and secretion compared to age-matched physically inactive individuals who are ageing remains unclear. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the findings of exercise training in modulating levels of ostensibly anabolic and catabolic hormones in adults aged > 40 years. Methods We searched the following electronic databases (to July 2021) without a period limit: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. Additionally, a manual search for published studies in Google Scholar was conducted for analysis of the ‘grey literature’ (information produced outside of traditional commercial or academic publishing and distribution channels). The initial search used the terms ‘ageing’ OR ‘advanced age’ OR ‘old people’ OR ‘older’ OR elderly’ AND ‘anabolic hormones’ OR ‘catabolic hormones’ OR ‘steroid hormones’ OR ‘sex hormones’ OR ‘testosterone’ OR ‘cortisol’ OR ‘insulin’ OR ‘insulin-like growth factor-1’ OR ‘IGF-1’ OR ‘sex hormone-binding globulin’ OR ‘SHBG’ OR ‘growth hormone’ OR ‘hGH’ OR ‘dehydroepiandrosterone’ OR ‘DHEA’ OR ‘dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S)’ AND ‘exercise training’ OR ‘endurance training’ OR ‘resistance training’ OR ‘ strength training’ OR ‘weight-lifting’ OR ‘high-intensity interval training’ OR ‘high-intensity interval exercise’ OR ‘high-intensity intermittent training’ OR ‘high-intensity intermittent exercise’ OR ‘interval aerobic training’ OR ‘interval aerobic exercise’ OR ‘intermittent aerobic training’ OR ‘intermittent aerobic exercise’ OR ‘high-intensity training’ OR ‘high-intensity exercise’ OR ‘sprint interval training’ OR ‘sprint interval exercise’ OR ‘combined exercise training’ OR ‘anaerobic training’. Only eligible full texts in English or French were considered for analysis. Results Our search identified 484 records, which led to 33 studies for inclusion in the analysis. Different exercise training programs were used with nine studies using endurance training programs, ten studies examining the effects of high-intensity interval training, and 14 studies investigating the effects of resistance training. Most training programs lasted ≥ 2 weeks. Studies, regardless of the design, duration or intensity of exercise training, reported increases in testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), human growth hormone (hGH) or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (effect size: 0.19 < d < 3.37, small to very large) in both older males and females. However, there was no consensus on the effects of exercise on changes in cortisol and insulin in older adults. Conclusion In conclusion, findings from this systematic review suggest that exercise training increases basal levels of testosterone, IGF-1, SHBG, hGH and DHEA in both male and females over 40 years of age. The increases in blood levels of these hormones were independent of the mode, duration and intensity of the training programs. However, the effects of long-term exercise training on cortisol and insulin levels in elderly people are less clear.

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Exercise in Older Adults: The Effect of Age on Exercise Endocrinology

Cited by 2 publications

References 152 publications

The thyroid axis, prolactin, and exercise in humans

The thyroid axis, prolactin, and exercise in humans

Effects of Exercise Training on Anabolic and Catabolic Hormones with Advanced Age: A Systematic Review

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