Exercise in the heat blunts improvements in aerobic power

Slivka, Dustin; Shute, Robert; Hailes, Walter; Marshall, Katherine; Opichka, Megan; Schnitzler, Halee; Ruby, Brent C.

doi:10.1007/s00421-021-04653-0

Cited by 5 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Under the American College of Sports Medicine stratification, all participants were considered “low risk” for cardiovascular disease-related events. Samples and descriptive data used in this study are a sub-set obtained from a larger project focused on exercise and temperature acclimation over a longer training period [ 16 , 17 ]. Two participants were removed from analysis due to extreme variation in reference genes and thus the inability to meet the assumption of reference gene stability.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental cycling trial was performed at 50% Wpeak for 60 min and conducted in a temperature- and humidity-controlled (40% relative humidity) chamber (Darwin Chambers Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) within the designated temperatures, either cold (7 °C), room temperature (20 °C), or hot (33 °C). These combinations of temperatures and relative intensity were chosen based upon previous works demonstrating altered mitochondrial gene expression [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ] and to make sure all participants were able to complete the full trial, specifically those within the 33 °C cycling group. All subjects wore short-sleeved T-shirt and standard cycling shorts to maintain consistency among the groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extraction of DNA and analysis methods have been previously reported [ 16 , 17 ]. Briefly, a 16.2 ± 0.2 mg piece of skeletal muscle was homogenized in 800 uL of TRIzol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) using an electronic homogenizer (PowerGen 150; Fisher Scientific, Hampton, NH, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mitochondria are highly concentrated in skeletal muscle and can undergo damage when the ATP demand is elevated (e.g., a stressor like exercise and/or temperature) via increased production of ROS. Gene expression data has suggested that exercise, when paired with cold and hot ambient temperatures, may have different transcriptional influences [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. More specifically, the pairing of exercise and cold ambient temperature may act in a mitochondrial-enhancing manner through the upregulation of the gene PGC1α and its mitochondrial biogenesis-related downstream targets [ 10 , 11 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, the pairing of exercise and cold ambient temperature may act in a mitochondrial-enhancing manner through the upregulation of the gene PGC1α and its mitochondrial biogenesis-related downstream targets [ 10 , 11 , 15 , 16 ]. Whereas exercise in hot ambient conditions may blunt these same mitochondrial-related benefits [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 17 ]. However, the exact mechanisms for these altered gene expression results are unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Acute Effects of Exercise and Temperature on Regional mtDNA

McGlynn

Schnitzler

Shute

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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A reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, the ratio of mitochondrial DNA to genomic DNA (mtDNA:gDNA), has been linked with dysfunctional mitochondria. Exercise can acutely induce mtDNA damage manifested as a reduced copy number. However, the influence of a paired (exercise and temperature) intervention on regional mtDNA (MINor Arc and MAJor Arc) are unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of exercise in cold (7 °C), room temperature (20 °C), and hot (33 °C) ambient temperatures, on regional mitochondrial copy number (MINcn and MAJcn). Thirty-four participants (24.4 ± 5.1 yrs, 87.1 ± 22.1 kg, 22.3 ± 8.5 %BF, and 3.20 ± 0.59 L·min−1 VO2peak) cycled for 1 h (261.1 ± 22.1 W) in either 7 °C, 20 °C, or 33 °C ambient conditions. Muscle biopsy samples were collected from the vastus lateralis to determine mtDNA regional copy numbers via RT-qPCR. mtDNA is sensitive to the stressors of exercise post-exercise (MIN fold change, −1.50 ± 0.11; MAJ fold change, −1.70 ± 0.12) and 4-h post-exercise (MIN fold change, −0.82 ± 0.13; MAJ fold change, −1.54 ± 0.11). The MAJ Arc seems to be more sensitive to heat, showing a temperature-trend (p = 0.056) for a reduced regional copy number ratio after exercise in the heat (fold change −2.81 ± 0.11; p = 0.019). These results expand upon our current knowledge of the influence of temperature and exercise on the acute remodeling of regional mtDNA.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Acute Effects of Exercise and Temperature on Regional mtDNA

McGlynn

Schnitzler

Shute

et al. 2021

IJERPH

Self Cite

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Effects of Heat Adaptation on Physiology, Perception, and Exercise Performance in the Heat: An Updated Meta-Analysis

Tyler,

Reeve,

Sieh

et al. 2024

J. of SCI. IN SPORT AND EXERCISE

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Implications of Heat Stress-induced Metabolic Alterations for Endurance Training

Bennett,

Tiollier,

Owens

et al. 2024

Int J Sports Med

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Inducing a heat-acclimated phenotype via repeated heat stress improves exercise capacity and reduces athletes̓ risk of hyperthermia and heat illness. Given the increased number of international sporting events hosted in countries with warmer climates, heat acclimation strategies are increasingly popular among endurance athletes to optimize performance in hot environments. At the tissue level, completing endurance exercise under heat stress may augment endurance training adaptation, including mitochondrial and cardiovascular remodeling due to increased perturbations to cellular homeostasis as a consequence of metabolic and cardiovascular load, and this may improve endurance training adaptation and subsequent performance. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the metabolic impact of heat stress during endurance exercise, including proposed underlying mechanisms of altered substrate utilization. Against this metabolic backdrop, the current literature highlighting the role of heat stress in augmenting training adaptation and subsequent endurance performance will be presented with practical implications and opportunities for future research.

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Exercise in the heat blunts improvements in aerobic power

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

The Acute Effects of Exercise and Temperature on Regional mtDNA

The Acute Effects of Exercise and Temperature on Regional mtDNA

Effects of Heat Adaptation on Physiology, Perception, and Exercise Performance in the Heat: An Updated Meta-Analysis

Implications of Heat Stress-induced Metabolic Alterations for Endurance Training

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