Exercise ventilatory kinematics in endurance trained and untrained men and women

Layton, Aimee M.; Garber, Carol Ewing; Thomashow, Byron; Gerardo, Renee E.; Emmert-Aronson, Benjamin O.; Armstrong, Hilary F.; Basner, Robert C.; Jellen, Patricia A.; Bartels, Matthew N.

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2011.06.009

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is notable that we did not observe any effects of sex, age or BMI on OEP parameters in this study. Other investigators have reported that during quiet breathing, female subjects, having a smaller abdominal contribution to tidal breathing (Romei et al 2010), respond differently to exercise compared with males (Layton et al 2011). However, this may be a consequence of our sample size, as OEP studies finding significant differences between the sexes tend to have double the sample size of our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chest wall dynamics during voluntary and induced cough in healthy volunteers

Smith

Aliverti

Quaranta

et al. 2012

The Journal of Physiology

106

104

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Non-technical summary Cough is the commonest symptom for which people seek medical advice and has significant impact upon quality of life. Moreover ineffective coughing is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A better understanding of cough mechanics is important for dealing with the complications of both excessive and impaired cough. This study investigates how the mechanical changes during coughing are influenced by the amount of air inhaled prior to coughing (operating volume), examining chest and abdominal motion, pressures and flow. We have shown that operating volume is the most important determinant of the flow achieved and volume expelled during single voluntary coughs and peals of voluntary coughs. Coughs within a peal appear to have a different motor pattern, producing similar pressures and flows but more rapidly than single coughs and therefore may be more efficient. Future studies investigating cough mechanics should control for the influence of operating volume.Abstract Coughing both protects the airways from foreign material and clears excessive secretions in respiratory diseases, and therefore requires high expiratory flows. We hypothesised that the volume inspired prior to coughing (operating volume) would significantly influence the mechanical changes during coughing and thus cough flow. Sixteen healthy volunteers (6 female, mean age 31 ± 10 years) performed six single voluntary coughs from four different operating volumes (10%, 30%, 60% and 90% of vital capacity) followed by three peals of voluntary and citric acid-induced coughs. During coughing we simultaneously measured (i) chest and upper abdominal wall motion using opto-electronic plethysmography (OEP), (ii) intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal pressures with a balloon catheter in each compartment and (iii) flow at the mouth. Operating volume was the most important determinant of the peak flow achieved and volume expelled during coughing, but had little influence on the pressures generated. The duration of single coughs increased with operating volume, whereas coughs were much shorter and varied little during peals. Voluntary cough peals were also associated with significant blood shift away from the trunk. In conclusion, this study has shown that operating volume is the most important determinant of cough peak flow and volume expelled in healthy individuals. During peals of coughs, similar mechanical effects were achieved more rapidly, suggesting a modification of the motor pattern with improved efficiency. Future studies investigating cough mechanics in health and disease should control for the influence of operating volume. Abbreviations C5, concentration of citric acid inducing 5 coughs; FRC, functional residual capacity; GEE, general estimating equation; LED, light emitting diode; OEP, opto-electronic plethysmography; P alv , alveolar pressure; P oes , oesophageal pressure; P gas , gastric pressure; P di , trans-diaphragmatic pressure; RCp, pulmonary rib cage; RCa, abdominal rib cage; SVC, slow vital capacity; TGV, total...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chest wall dynamics during voluntary and induced cough in healthy volunteers

Smith

Aliverti

Quaranta

et al. 2012

The Journal of Physiology

106

104

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“…Breathing patterns can change according to various factors, including growth and age (Bastir et al 2013;Shi et al 2014;Weaver et al 2014;Garc ıa-Mart ınez et al 2016a), exercise (Johnson et al 1992;McClaran et al 1998;Guenette et al 2007;Aliverti, 2008;Layton et al 2011;Howes et al 2013), disease (Decramer, 1989(Decramer, , 1997Aliverti & Macklem, 2001;Garc ıa-R ıo, 2005), body position (Wade, 1954;Agostoni et al 1965;Konno & Mead, 1967;Sharp et al 1975;Romei et al 2010) and sex (Bellemare et al 2003;Parreira et al 2010;Romei et al 2010;Garc ıa-Mart ınez et al 2016b). The aim of this study is to address the influence of sexual dimorphism on 3D pulmonary size, shape and kinematics.…”

Section: Breathing Kinematics Of the Human Respiratory Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, such anatomical differences result in a decrease in respiratory minute volume, and therefore in a reduction of oxygen consumption in females compared with males (Hopkins & Harms, 2004). On the other hand, respiratory plethysmography has been also used as a complementary method for evaluating breathing patterns and pulmonary function (Tobin et al 1983;Verschakelen & Demedts, 1995;Parreira et al 2010;Romei et al 2010;Layton et al 2011;LoMauro et al 2012). Thus, this method has allowed for the quantification of sex-related differences during quiet breathing through respiratory variables such as Vt, respiratory frequency (RF), minute ventilation (VE) and respiratory time (RT) (Tobin et al 1983;Feltrim, 1994;Parreira et al 2010).…”

Section: Relevance Of the Study Of Sexual Dimorphism In Human Lungsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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3D analysis of sexual dimorphism in size, shape and breathing kinematics of human lungs

et al. 2017

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Sexual dimorphism in the human respiratory system has been previously reported at the skeletal (cranial and thoracic) level, but also at the pulmonary level. Regarding lungs, foregoing studies have yielded sex-related differences in pulmonary size as well as lung shape details, but different methodological approaches have led to discrepant results on differences in respiratory patterns between males and females. The purpose of this study is to analyse sexual dimorphism in human lungs during forced respiration using 3D geometric morphometrics. Eighty computed tomographies (19 males and 21 females) were taken in maximal forced inspiration (FI) and expiration (FE), and 415 (semi)landmarks were digitized on 80 virtual lung models for the 3D quantification of pulmonary size, shape and kinematic differences. We found that males showed larger lungs than females (P < 0.05), and significantly greater size and shape differences between FI and FE. Morphologically, males have pyramidal lung geometry, with greater lower lung width when comparing with the apices, in contrast to the prismatic lung shape and similar widths at upper and lower lungs of females. Multivariate regression analyses confirmed the effect of sex on lung size (36.26%; P < 0.05) and on lung shape (7.23%; P < 0.05), and yielded two kinematic vectors with a small but statistically significant angle between them (13.22°; P < 0.05) that confirms sex-related differences in the respiratory patterns. Our 3D approach shows sexual dimorphism in human lungs likely due to a greater diaphragmatic action in males and a predominant intercostal muscle action in females during breathing. These size and shape differences would lead to different respiratory patterns between sexes, whose physiological implications need to be studied in future research.

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“…Initial reports suggest EIV increases during exercise are mainly achieved by increasing end-inspiratory volumes of the RCp and RCa reflecting the inspiratory RC muscle contribution [111] . Initial work from Layton et al [112,113] using OEP suggests that during exercise females have less contribution from V AB and greater contribution of V RCp when compared to males. Table 4 provides an overview of the studies that have used OEP to evaluate the breathing pattern and CW movement during exercise.…”

Section: Oep In Exercise Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Optoelectronic Plethysmography in Clinical Practice and Research: A Review

Massaroni

Carraro

Vianello³

et al. 2017

Respiration

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Background: Optoelectronic plethysmography (OEP) is a non-invasive motion capture method to measure chest wall movements and estimate lung volumes. Objectives: To provide an overview of the clinical findings and research applications of OEP in the assessment of breathing mechanics across populations of healthy and diseased individuals. Methods: A bibliographic research was performed with the terms “opto-electronic plethysmography,” “optoelectronic plethysmography,” and “optoelectronic plethysmograph” in 50 digital library and bibliographic search databases resulting in the selection of 170 studies. Results: OEP has been extensively employed in studies looking at chest wall kinematics and volume changes in chest wall compartments in healthy subjects in relation to age, gender, weight, posture, and different physiological conditions. In infants, OEP has been demonstrated to be a tool to assess disease severity and the response to pharmacological interventions. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, OEP has been used to test if patients can dynamically hyperinflate or deflate their lungs during exercise. In neuromuscular patients, respiratory muscle strength and chest kinematics have been analyzed. A widespread application of OEP is in tailoring post-operative pulmonary rehabilitation as well as in monitoring volume increases and muscle contributions during exercise. Conclusions: OEP is an accurate and validated method of measuring lung volumes and chest wall movements. OEP is an appropriate alternative method to monitor and analyze respiratory patterns in children, adults, and patients with respiratory diseases. OEP may be used in the future to contribute to improvements in the therapeutic strategies for respiratory conditions.

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Exercise ventilatory kinematics in endurance trained and untrained men and women

Cited by 21 publications

References 36 publications

Chest wall dynamics during voluntary and induced cough in healthy volunteers

Chest wall dynamics during voluntary and induced cough in healthy volunteers

3D analysis of sexual dimorphism in size, shape and breathing kinematics of human lungs

Optoelectronic Plethysmography in Clinical Practice and Research: A Review

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