Exfoliation and related microstructures in 2024 aluminum body skins on aging aircraft

Posada, M.; Murr, Lawrence E.; Niou, C. S.; Roberson, David A.; Little, D. A.; Arrowood, Roy; George, Debra

doi:10.1016/s1044-5803(97)00083-1

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This type of corrosion generally correlates with the sensitisation of the microstructure and with the copper depletion along the grain boundaries. the intergranular attack may take place for the aluminum alloys either along the precipitate-free zones (Posada et al 1997;Yasuda et al 1990;Galvele and De Michele 1970;Scully et al 2003) or due to the anodic dissolution of the grain boundary phases (Maitra and English 1981;Andreatta et al 2004). The potential measurements carried out with an AFM device on a friction stir weld exhibit an interesting inhomogeneous distribution of the Voltapotential between the grain boundary regions and the grain interior of the weld zone.…”

Section: 28mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallurgy and weld performance in friction stir welding

Santos¹,

Olea²,

Coelho

et al. 2010

Friction Stir Welding

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Section: 28mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metallurgy and weld performance in friction stir welding

Santos¹,

Olea²,

Coelho

et al. 2010

Friction Stir Welding

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“…[12][13] However, most papers that examine the corrosion topography of aircraft skins taken from the field have found only exfoliation and general corrosion. [14][15][16] Exfoliation is a form of intergranular corrosion found in aluminum alloys. Intergranular corrosion was found in this work around spot welds on samples taken from actual aircraft.…”

Section: Corrosion-may 2002mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Aircraft Lap Joint Simulant Environment

Ferrer

Kelly

2002

CORROSION

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The aging of aircraft fleet has led to significant concern about the development of corrosion. Occluded regions such as lapsplice joints, which are difficult to inspect, are of particular importance. By analyzing the corrosion products found in these joints, a simulant solution has been developed. The lap joint simulant solution (LJSS) contains 20 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), 4 mM sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ), 4 mM sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 ), and 2 mM sodium fluoride (NaF) at pH 9. Exposure of AA2024-T3 (UNS A92024) to the LJSS results in a similar corrosion topography to that found on aircraft in the field.

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“…The growth of pits and IGC is believed to depend on potential [2]. As pits grow into the microstructure, they can develop into IGC or exfoliation (a form of IGC found in wrought Al alloys), which can penetrate deeply into the microstructure [3,4]. To some extent, IGC can be regarded as a special kind of pitting corrosion occurring preferentially at the grain boundaries for Al alloys since the mechanism of IGC was found to be of the same nature as the process of pitting [1,2,[5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitions between pitting and intergranular corrosion in AA2024

Zhang

Frankel

2003

Electrochimica Acta

251

152

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The pitting and intergranular corrosion (IGC) behavior of various tempers of AA2024 was investigated in 1 M NaCl. The breakdown potentials associated with pitting or IGC were determined. The breakdown potentials were found to be almost independent of sample orientation for any given temper. Artificial aging had a strong effect on polarization behavior and localized corrosion morphology. The anodic polarization curves of AA2024 in the solution heat treated and water-quenched condition, T3, and T3+ tempers exhibited two breakdown potentials, whereas overaged AA2024-T8, T8+ , and solutionized and furnace cooled AA2024 exhibited only one breakdown potential. When two breakdown potentials were observed, the more active one was found to be related to the transient dissolution of S phase Al 2 CuMg particles leading to pitting while the noble one was thought to result primarily from initiation and growth of IGC. The breakdown potentials decreased with increasing aging time at 190°C, and only one breakdown potential was measured for T8 and T8+ tempers. Unlike the T3 temper, no sharp IGC was found for these tempers. Selected granular attack from breakdown of the copper-depleted matrix was believed to be the cause for localized corrosion in the T8 and T8+ tempers. The effect of nitrate and sulfate ions on the localized corrosion behavior was also studied.

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Exfoliation and related microstructures in 2024 aluminum body skins on aging aircraft

Cited by 40 publications

References 4 publications

Metallurgy and weld performance in friction stir welding

Metallurgy and weld performance in friction stir welding

Development of an Aircraft Lap Joint Simulant Environment

Transitions between pitting and intergranular corrosion in AA2024

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