Exhaled Breath Analysis in Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Exhaled breath analysis is a novel tool for diagnostics of different diseases. Taking into account the secretory function of the lungs, the composition of exhaled breath is different in physiological and pathological conditions. In this review we consider of some substances which content vary in cardiovascular diseases – pentane, isoprene, carbon monoxide and trimethylamine. Modern technologies allow to move the analysis of exhaled breath from research laboratories into clinical practice. Thus, a new tool for real time of screening various cardiovascular diseases has appeared in the arsenal of physicians.

Cardiovascular biomarkers in body fluids: progress and prospects in optical sensors

“…These will be carried over to the lungs through the circulating blood and eventually will come out through the exhaled breath. Breath analysis, called “Brethomics” or “Volatolomics,” thus offers a very convenient method for screening, early detection, and follow-up in many diseases, including cardiovascular conditions (V. R. et al 2021 )(Kartha and Santhosh 2014 )(Bykova et al 2019 )(Marcondes-Braga et al 2016 )(Ibrahim et al 2019 ).…”

“…Several molecules like NO, acetone, isoprene, trimethyl amine, pentane, CO, ethane, etc. have been found to be good markers for many CVD conditions (Bykova et al 2019 )(Marcondes-Braga et al 2016 ) (Cikach Jr and Dweik 2012 ). Table 2 shows the major breath markers observed in cardiovascular diseases.…”

Breathome discriminate Ischemic Heart Disease

“…Exhaled air analysis has been performed in patients with different pathologies including chronic obstructive lung disease, cancer, asthma, lung cancer, diabetes, arthritis, heart failure, gastric cancer, chronic kidney disease, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, malignant pleural mesothelioma, bladder cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, gastro-oesophageal cancer, peritonitis-shock, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease [8,9,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]10,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]11,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”