Exigência térmica e produtividade da amoreira-preta em função das épocas de poda

Abstract

RESUMO -O período de colheita de amora-preta ocorre de novembro a fevereiro nos estados do Sul do Brasil, onde se concentra a maior área de cultivo do País. Sabendo-se que frutas ofertadas fora do pico da safra possuem preços mais vantajosos, objetivou-se escalonar a colheita da amoreira-preta através da realização da poda hibernal em diferentes épocas, levando-se em conta o número de horas de frio e os grausdia acumulados. O presente trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, no município de São Manuel-SP. Foram utilizadas plantas de amoreira-preta "Tupy", de 3 anos de idade, conduzidas em 4 hastes principais, em espaldeira em T, com 1,2 metro de altura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o esquema fatorial 2x5, constando de 2 sistemas de cultivo (não irrigado e irrigado) e de 5 tratamentos (épocas de poda: 20-05, 26-06, 24-07, 23-08 e 26-09), com repetições em blocos. A irrigação não alterou a duração do ciclo da amoreira-preta, mas proporcionou aumento na produtividade, independentemente das épocas de poda. Quanto maior o número de horas de frio acumulado, menor o ciclo e menor a necessidade em graus-dia da amoreira-preta 'Tupy'. A poda hibernal realizada em 20-05 proporcionou um pico de colheita de amora-preta em meados de setembro, em São Manuel -SP. Termos para indexação: Rubus sp, produção, graus-dia, ciclo, qualidade. THERMAL REQUIREMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY IN BLACKBERRY-FUNCTION TIMES OF PRUNINGABSTRACT -November and February are the harvest season for blackberry at the southern states of Brazil, where is the largest cultivation area in the country. It is Known that the fruit offered outside the harvest season has higher prices, so the present study aimed to stagger the harvest season for blackberry, by performing the winter pruning at different time, taking into account the number of hours exposed to cold temperatures and accumulated degree-days. This study was conducted at the Fazenda Experimental São Manuel, at São Manuel-SP. It was used blackberry plants cv. Tupy, 3 years old, conducted in 4 main stems in espalier in T, with 1.2 meters high. The experimental design was a 2x5 factorial arrangement, with two cropping systems (irrigated and non-irrigated) and 5 treatments (pruning times: 05/20, 06/26, 07/24, 08/23 and 09/26) with blocks repetitions. Irrigation did not alter the cycle of blackberry, but resulted in higher productivity independent of pruning time. The higher the number of chilling hours accumulated, the lower the cycle and the need for day-degrees of the blackberry 'Tupy'. The winter pruning held on 05/20 provided the highest blackberry harvest in mid-September, at São Manuel -SP.

Performance of Blackberry Cultivars in Cerro Azul - Pr

“…temperature fluctuations during this period can cause the plant to remain dormant for a longer period or the occurrence of uneven budding and flowering, directly interfering with plant productivity (SegaNtINI et al, 2014). In addition, average temperatures above 25 ° C encourage vegetative growth at the expense of reproduction growth in blackberry plants.…”

“…the prolongation of the blackberry tree flowering period is associated with insufficient low chilling and results in the occurrence of different phenological stages simultaneously on the same plant (SegaNtINI et al, 2014). the end of flowering and beginning of harvest were very close for some cultivars, and lack of definition regarding the developmental stage has been observed in many plants, with the occurrence in the same branch of buds, flowers and fruits.…”

Advances in the production of temperate fruits in the tropics

“…Chilling is usually effective at temperatures below 7°C (Luedeling, 2012). Under natural conditions, the end of the dormancy period and the ability to resume growth in temperate fruit trees are mediated by chill accumulation (Alburquerque, García-Montiel, Carrillo, & Burgos, 2008;Gariglio, Weber, Castro, & Micheloud, 2012;Oukabli & Mahhou, 2007;Rahemi & Pakkish, 2009;Segantini, Leonel, Cunha, Ferraz, & Ripardo, 2014). The main challenge for temperate fruit production in the tropics is to overcome the dormancy period (Erez, 2001).…”

PLASTIC COVERING, PLANTING DENSITY, AND PRUNNING IN THE PRODUCTION OF CAPE GOOSEBERRY ( Physalis peruviana L.) IN SUBTROPICAL REGION

“…For instance, regarding blackberry bushes, an adequate management of pruning is essential for a good productivity (CAMPAGNOLO; PIO, 2012). Segantini et al (2014) conducted an early winter pruning in "Tupy" blackberry, which was cultivated in the region of São Manuel, in the state of São Paulo, and were able to harvest it outside of the traditional harvesting season. It is possible that studies on Physalis peruviana L. pruning might bring positive effects in the cultivation of this species.…”