Exiopol – Development and Illustrative Analyses of a Detailed Global MR Ee Sut/Iot

Abstract

EXIOPOL (A New Environmental Accounting Framework Using Externality Data and Input-Output Tools for Policy Analysis) was a European Union (EU)-funded project creating a detailed, global, multiregional environmentally extended Supply and Use table (MR EE SUT) of 43 countries, 129 sectors, 80 resources, and 40 emissions. We sourced primary SUT and input-output tables from Eurostat and non-EU statistical offices. We harmonized and detailed them using auxiliary national accounts data and co-efficient matrices. Imports were allocated to countries of exports using United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Database trade shares. Optimization procedures removed imbalances in these detailing and trade linking steps. Environmental extensions were added from various sources. We calculated the EU footprint of final consumption with resulting MR EE SUT. EU policies focus mainly on energy and carbon footprints. We show that the EU land, water, and material footprint abroad is much more relevant, and should be prioritized in the EU's environmental product and trade policies.

The Distribution of Material Footprints in Germany

“…We use the Exiobase product-by-product GMRIO table (Wood et al, 2014;Tukker et al, 2013) to compute L. It differentiates between 200 products and 48 regions. 43 thereof represent individual countries, the remaining five are rest-of-the-world aggregates.…”

“…First, we estimate material footprints per monetary unit of consumption by using the Exiobase global multi-region input-output model (Tukker et al, 2013;Wood et al, 2014) and link them to households' consumption expenditure data from the German sample survey of income and expenditure (Einkommensund Verbrauchsstichprobe, EVS). 4 Expenditures, thus, serve as the measure of affluence in this study.…”

Structural production layer decomposition: a new method to measure differences between MRIO databases for footprint assessments

“…Several global environmentally extended multi-regional input-output (MRIO) databases are available today: WIOD (Dietzenbacher et al, 2013), Eora (Lenzen et al, 2013), GTAP (Peters et al, 2011a), EXIOBASE (Tukker et al, 2013) and OECD ICIO (OECD, 2015). Empirical assessments revealed the level of differences in carbon footprints calculated with the various MRIO models (Arto et al, 2014;Inomata and Owen, 2014;Owen et al, 2014aOwen et al, , 2014bWilting, 2012).…”

A network approach for assembling and linking input–output models

“…Recent examples of the application of this assumption to the assembly of MRIOs are Peters et al (2011), Lenzen et al (2012a), Tukker et al (2013) and Wood et al (2015), where detailed bilateral trade data 2 are linked to national IO tables (which describe how much of a given commodity is imported, but not its country of origin). 3 Imputation can occur at different levels of detail, e.g.…”

“…For example, EXIOBASE (Tukker et al, 2013) currently covers only 49 regions because of the computational limitations of having both high sectoral detail and country coverage (Tukker et al, 2011). The producers of Eora (Lenzen et al, 2012a) had to develop their own custom balancing algorithms (Lenzen et al, 2009) instead of using commercially available solvers in order to streamline the memory requirements in balancing their global MRIO table as much as possible.…”