“…Metallic materials like stainless steel 316L, titanium, titanium alloys, and chromium/cobalt alloys are frequently used in the biomedical field for the manufacture of prostheses (Geetha et al , ). The influence of metallic surface topography on cell behavior has been widely studied (Martin et al ., ; Lincks et al ., ; Soboyejo et al ., ; Kim et al ., ; Chen et al ., ; Le Guehennec et al ., ; Giljean et al ., ; Bigerelle et al ., ) using various processes such as plasma spraying, sandblasting, acid etching, anodization, etc. To obtain isotropic topographies over a wide range of dimensions from submicron to several microns, researchers generally compare surfaces obtained by various processes (Martin et al ., ; Lincks et al ., ; Soboyejo et al ., ; Kim et al ., ; Chen et al ., ; Le Guehennec et al ., ; Giljean et al ., ).…”