Exogenous Regulators Enhance the Yield and Stress Resistance of Chlamydospores of the Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma harzianum T4

Zhu, Xiaochong; Wang, Yaping; Wang, Xiaobing; Wang, Wei

doi:10.3390/jof8101017

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A proteomic analysis revealed that the volatile organic compounds produced by biocontrol Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR-9 reduced the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism of the protein of the tomato wilt pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum [ 49 ]. Moreover, the exogenous addition of mannitol and trehalose increased the production of chlamydospores of biocontrol fungal strains of T. harzianum T4, and enhanced their stress resistance by regulating lipid metabolism, indicating that lipid metabolism is an essential component of chlamydospore production and affects the stress resistance of chlamydospores [ 50 ]. These changes observed in the amino acid and lipid metabolism pathways may be related to the resistance of bacterial communities in strawberry stems and leaves to Fusarium infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium Wilt Invasion Results in a Strong Impact on Strawberry Microbiomes

Yang,

Zhang,

Qiu

et al. 2023

Plants

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Plant-endophytic microbes affect plant growth, development, nutrition, and resistance to pathogens. However, how endophytic microbial communities change in different strawberry plant compartments after Fusarium pathogen infection has remained elusive. In this study, 16S and internal transcribed spacer rRNA amplicon sequencing were used to systematically investigate changes in the bacterial and fungal diversity and composition in the endophytic compartments (roots, stems, and leaves) of healthy strawberries and strawberries with Fusarium wilt, respectively. The analysis of the diversity, structure, and composition of the bacterial and fungal communities revealed a strong effect of pathogen invasion on the endophytic communities. The bacterial and fungal community diversity was lower in the Fusarium-infected endophytic compartments than in the healthy samples. The relative abundance of certain bacterial and fungal genera also changed after Fusarium wilt infection. The relative abundance of the beneficial bacterial genera Bacillus, Bradyrhizobium, Methylophilus, Sphingobium, Lactobacillus, and Streptomyces, as well as fungal genera Acremonium, Penicillium, Talaromyces, and Trichoderma, were higher in the healthy samples than in the Fusarium wilt samples. The relative abundance of Fusarium in the infected samples was significantly higher than that in the healthy samples, consistent with the field observations and culture isolation results for strawberry wilt. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for the isolation, identification, and control of strawberry wilt disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusarium Wilt Invasion Results in a Strong Impact on Strawberry Microbiomes

Yang,

Zhang,

Qiu

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…The experiment was composed of six treatments: control, the three biocontrol agents, and two treatments of conventional fungicides under R. solani-infected soils and nontreated soils, thus 12 groups were produced. Surface sterilized coriander seeds were soaked for 2 h before sowing in a suspension of each biocontrol agent separately: T. harzianum (5 × 10 6 CFU/mL) [92], B. subtilis (1 × 10 8 bacterial CFU/mL), and P. fluorescens suspension (9 × 10 8 CFU/mL) (v/w) [93,94]. For fungicide treatments, coriander seeds were soaked in the IC 90 of each fungicide (Rizolex-T 50% WP and Amistar 25% SC).…”

Section: Assay Of Proteasementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Three Biological Control Agents and Two Conventional Fungicides against Coriander Damping-off and Root Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Abdelrhim

Abdel-Latif

Hossain

et al. 2023

Plants

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The in vitro and in vivo efficacy of three biocontrol agents, Trichoderma viride, Pseudomonas fluorescence, and Bacillus subtilis, were tested against Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4) infection compared to two conventional fungicides (Rizolex-T 50%wettable powder and Amistar 25%). Antifungal enzyme activity was assayed in the culture filtrate of the biocontrol agents. The impact of the tested biocontrol agents on the induction of the coriander immune system was investigated against R. solani by assessing the resistance-related enzymes and compounds in biocontrol agent-treated plants compared with the control. The obtained results revealed that all tested biocontrol agents significantly reduced the linear growth of R. solani, and T. viride recorded the highest inhibition percentage. This could be linked to the ability of T. viride to produce higher activities of antimicrobial enzymes, i.e., cellulase, chitinase, and protease, compared to P. fluorescence and B. subtilis. Applying the tested biocontrol agents significantly alleviated pre- and post-emergence damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases of infected coriander compared with untreated plants. The tested biocontrol agents exhibited significantly higher germination percentage and vigor index of the coriander than the tested fungicides. The tested biocontrol agents significantly minimized the reduction of photosynthetic pigments induced by R. solani. In addition, the results showed a significant increase in enzymes/molecules (i.e., phenylalanine, catalase, peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, phenolics, ascorbic acids, and salicylic acid) involved directly and indirectly in coriander resistance to R. solani. The principal component analysis of the recorded data recommended the role of the high accumulation of oxidative parameters (hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation) and the inhibition of phenolic compounds in the downregulation of coriander resistance against R. solani. The heatmap analysis results revealed that biocontrol agents, especially Trichoderma, enhanced the resistance against R. solani via the stimulation of salicylic acid, phenolics, and antioxidant enzymes. Overall, the data recommended the efficacy of biocontrol agents, especially T. viride, against R. solani infecting coriander plants, which could be an efficient and a safer alternative to conventional fungicides.

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“…This strain can effectively control the plant disease caused by B. cinerea [ 12 ], promote plant growth and increase crop yield [ 13 , 14 ]. In our previous study, we optimized the culture conditions for T. harzianum T4 and improved the yield of the T. harzianum biocontrol agent [ 15 ]. However, the research on its biocontrol mechanism is not comprehensive, particularly the mechanism of mycoparasitism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Mycoparasitism-Related Genes against the Phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea via Transcriptome Analysis of Trichoderma harzianum T4

Wang

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2023

JoF

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Trichoderma harzianum is a well-known biological control agent (BCA) that is effective against a variety of plant pathogens. In previous studies, we found that T. harzianum T4 could effectively control the gray mold in tomatoes caused by Botrytis cinerea. However, the research on its biocontrol mechanism is not comprehensive, particularly regarding the mechanism of mycoparasitism. In this study, in order to further investigate the mycoparasitism mechanism of T. harzianum T4, transcriptomic sequencing and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of T. harzianum T4 at 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of growth in the cell wall of B. cinerea (BCCW) or a sucrose medium. A total of 2871 DEGs and 2148 novel genes were detected using transcriptome sequencing. Through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, we identified genes associated with mycoparasitism at specific time periods, such as encoding kinases, signal transduction proteins, carbohydrate active enzymes, hydrolytic enzymes, transporters, antioxidant enzymes, secondary metabolite synthesis, resistance proteins, detoxification genes and genes associated with extended hyphal longevity. To validate the transcriptome data, RT-qCPR was performed on the transcriptome samples. The RT-qPCR results show that the expression trend of the genes was consistent with the RNA-Seq data. In order to validate the screened genes associated with mycoparasitism, we performed a dual-culture antagonism test on T. harzianum and B. cinerea. The results of the dual-culture RT-qPCR showed that 15 of the 24 genes were upregulated during and after contact between T. harzianum T4 and B. cinerea (the same as BCCW), which further confirmed that these genes were involved in the mycoparasitism of T. harzianum T4. In conclusion, the transcriptome data provided in this study will not only improve the annotation information of gene models in T. harzianum T4 genome, but also provide important transcriptome information regarding the process of mycoparasitism at specific time periods, which can help us to further understand the mechanism of mycoparasitism, thus providing a potential molecular target for T. harzianum T4 as a biological control agent.

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Exogenous Regulators Enhance the Yield and Stress Resistance of Chlamydospores of the Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma harzianum T4

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Fusarium Wilt Invasion Results in a Strong Impact on Strawberry Microbiomes

Fusarium Wilt Invasion Results in a Strong Impact on Strawberry Microbiomes

Comparative Study of Three Biological Control Agents and Two Conventional Fungicides against Coriander Damping-off and Root Rot Caused by Rhizoctonia solani

Identification of Mycoparasitism-Related Genes against the Phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea via Transcriptome Analysis of Trichoderma harzianum T4

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