Exosome-Based Vaccines: History, Current State, and Clinical Trials

Santos, Patrick Wellington da Silva; Almeida, Fausto

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.711565

Cited by 135 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 190 publications

(215 reference statements)

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“…Tumor-derived exosomes have a certain potential antigenicity and can induce a strong antitumor immune response ( 289 ). Therefore, in addition to being a potential diagnostic marker, some studies have found that these exosomes can play a role as vaccines in CRC.…”

Section: Current Strategies Related To Immunotherapy In Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and Treatment Strategies in Colorectal Cancer

Chen

Zheng

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the second highest mortality rate among all cancers worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeting and other treatment methods have significantly prolonged the survival of patients with CRC. Recently, the emergence of tumor immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has brought new immunotherapy options for the treatment of advanced CRC. As the efficacy of ICIs is closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment (TME), it is necessary to clarify the relationship between the immune microenvironment of CRC and the efficacy of immunotherapy to ensure that the appropriate drugs are selected. We herein review the latest research progress in the immune microenvironment and strategies related to immunotherapy for CRC. We hope that this review helps in the selection of appropriate treatment strategies for CRC patients.

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Section: Current Strategies Related To Immunotherapy In Crcmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and Treatment Strategies in Colorectal Cancer

Chen

Zheng

2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…Many studies have already pointed to exosomes as promising tumor biomarkers, and, through their employment in patients, improvements to HNSCC detection and treatment regimens may soon be a reality. Plant- and human tissue-derived exosomes have undergone clinical trials in lung cancer, melanoma, and colorectal [ 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ]. Most recently, MSC exosomes containing siRNA targeting oncogenic KrasG12D mutations are being employed against pancreatic cancer in a clinical trial (NCT03608631).…”

Section: Prospects For Exosomes In Anticancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hidden Link of Exosomes to Head and Neck Cancer

Teng

Gao

Loveless

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents an aggressive and heterogenous group of cancers whose pathologies remain largely unresolved. Despite recent advances in HNSCC therapeutic strategies, the overall survival of HNSCC patients remains poor and continues to prompt efforts to develop more effective therapies. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles secreted by a variety of cells that have begun to spark significant interest in their roles in cancer. As membranous vesicles, spanning from 30–150 nm in diameter, exosomes mediate the transport of various molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, intercellularly throughout the body. In doing so, exosomes not only act to deliver materials to cancer cells but also as signals that can confer their progression. Accumulating evidence shows the direct correlation between exosomes and the aggressiveness of HNSCC. However, more research is warranted in this field to further our understanding. In this review, we attempt to highlight the tumor-supporting roles and therapeutic potential of exosomes in HNSCC. We introduce first the biogenesis and component features of exosomes, followed by their involvement in HNSCC proliferation and metastasis. We then move on to discuss HNSCC-derived exosomes’ influence on the tumor microenvironment and their function in tumor drug resistance. Finally, we explore the promising potential of exosomes as HNSCC biomarkers and therapeutic targets and drug carriers for HNSCC treatments.

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“…EVs have been used as a cell-free vaccine for cancer treatment. DCs were cultured with tumor peptides, and then EVs were collected from them [ 21 , 102 ]. EVs derived from tumor-antigen-activated DCs suppressed tumor growth in a T-cell-dependent manner.…”

Section: Potential Of Evs For Cancer Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Cancer Role and Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles

Tominaga

2021

Cancers

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Cell–cell communication is an important mechanism in biological processes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), also referred to as exosomes, microvesicles, and prostasomes, are microvesicles secreted by a variety of cells. EVs are nanometer-scale vesicles composed of a lipid bilayer and contain biological functional molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), mRNAs, and proteins. In this review, “EVs” is used as a comprehensive term for vesicles that are secreted from cells. EV research has been developing over the last four decades. Many studies have suggested that EVs play a crucial role in cell–cell communication. Importantly, EVs contribute to cancer malignancy mechanisms such as carcinogenesis, proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and escape from the immune system. EVs derived from cancer cells and their microenvironments are diverse, change in nature depending on the condition. As EVs are thought to be secreted into body fluids, they have the potential to serve as diagnostic markers for liquid biopsy. In addition, cells can encapsulate functional molecules in EVs. Hence, the characteristics of EVs make them suitable for use in drug delivery systems and novel cancer treatments. In this review, the potential of EVs as anti-cancer therapeutics is discussed.

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Exosome-Based Vaccines: History, Current State, and Clinical Trials

Cited by 135 publications

References 190 publications

The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and Treatment Strategies in Colorectal Cancer

The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment and Treatment Strategies in Colorectal Cancer

The Hidden Link of Exosomes to Head and Neck Cancer

Anti-Cancer Role and Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles

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