Exosomes and their cargo are important regulators of cell function in endometriosis

Freger, Shay; Leonardi, Mathew; Foster, Lauren

doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.05.022

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…In addition, exosomes from endometriosis were reported to promote the phenotype of macrophages into MII polarization, and weaken the phagocytosis of macrophages in vivo and in vitro . Therefore, anti-exocrine therapy for patients with endometriosis seemed to significantly promote the recruitment of macrophages to ectopic lesions, reduce the proportion of MII-type phagocytes, and ultimately enhance the phagocytosis of macrophages to ectopic endometrial cells ( 40 , 41 ).…”

Section: Immunotherapy Of Endometriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy: A promising novel endometriosis therapy

Lin

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Endometriosis is a common disease of the female reproductive system and has malignant features. Although endometriosis by itself is a benign disease, its erosive growth characteristics lead to severe pelvic pain and female infertility. Unfortunately, several aspects of the pathogenesis of endometriosis are still unclear. Furthermore, the clinical therapeutic methods are unsatisfactory. The recurrence rate of endometriosis is high. Accumulating evidence suggests that the onset and development of endometriosis are closely related to the abnormal function of the female autoimmune system, especially the function of some immune cells such as the aggregation of neutrophils, abnormal differentiation of macrophages, decreased cytotoxicity of NK cells, and abnormal function of T- and B-cell lines. Therefore, immunotherapy is probably a novel therapeutic strategy for endometriosis besides surgery and hormone therapy. However, information regarding the clinical application of immunotherapy in the treatment of endometriosis is very limited. This article aimed to review the effects of existing immunomodulators on the development of endometriosis, including immune cell regulators and immune factor regulators. These immunomodulators clinically or experimentally inhibit the pathogenesis and development of endometriosis lesions by acting on the immune cells, immune factors, or immune-related signaling pathways. Thus, immunotherapy is probably a novel and effective clinical treatment choice for endometriosis. Experimental studies of the detailed mechanism of immunotherapy and large-scale clinical studies about the effectiveness and safety of this promising therapeutic method are required in the future.

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Section: Immunotherapy Of Endometriosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy: A promising novel endometriosis therapy

Lin

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…sEVs are functionally relevant to the pathophysiology of EMS [ 181 ], as sEV levels in the peritoneal fluid (PF) change according to the illness stage and cycle phase [ 182 ]. Five proteins are unique in EMS: (fragments of) peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1), annexin A2 (ANXA2), histone H2A type 2-C, inter-α-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITIH4), and tubulin a-chain.…”

Section: Sev and Emsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Application of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Gynecologic Malignancy Treatments

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are the key mediators of intercellular communication. They have the potential for clinical use as diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers and have been explored as vectors for drug delivery. Identification of reliable and noninvasive biomarkers, such as sEVs, is important for early diagnosis and precise treatment of gynecologic diseases to improve patient prognosis. Previous reviews have summarized routine sEVs isolation and identification methods; however, novel and unconventional methods have not been comprehensively described. This review summarizes a convenient method of isolating sEVs from body fluids and liquid biopsy-related sEV markers for early, minimally invasive diagnosis of gynecologic diseases. In addition, the characteristics of sEVs as drug carriers and in precision treatment and drug resistance are introduced, providing a strong foundation for identifying novel and potential therapeutic targets for sEV therapy. We propose potential directions for further research on the applications of sEVs in the diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic diseases.

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“…For instance, in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) patients Exo carry large amounts of miR-338-5p, indicating pathological conditions ( Kowalski et al, 2022 ). It was suggested that exosomal miR-338-5p could modulate NP after spinal cord injury via the regulation of apoptosis and neuroinflammation ( Freger et al, 2021 ). Molecular analyses have revealed a close relationship between exosomal miRNA and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 in response to pathological conditions ( Orlova et al, 2011 ).…”

Section: Exo Biogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%