Exosomes as Biomarker Treasure Chests for Prostate Cancer

Duijvesz, Diederick; Luider, Theo M.; Bangma, Chris H.; Jenster, Guido

doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2010.12.031

Cited by 257 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…A Golgi component in exosomes has been confirmed (Sotelo and Porter, 1959;Lee Y et al, 2012). Although the precise mechanisms regarding the origins of exosomes remain unclear, it has been claimed that lipid rafts (which form divided microdomains), transmembrane proteins, protein complexes such as endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT), and Rab proteins (which modulate vesicular traffic) are responsible for exosome biogenesis (Duijvesz et al, 2011;Hurley, 2015). However, conclusive reports to confirm the exact process for shaping exosomes are lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles: novel vehicles in herpesvirus infection

et al. 2017

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Herpesviruses are remarkable pathogens that have evolved multiple mechanisms to evade host immunity, ensuring their proliferation and egress. Among these mechanisms, herpesviruses utilize elaborate extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, for the intricate interplay between infected host and recipient cells. Herpesviruses incorporate genome expression products and direct cellular products into exosomal cargoes. These components alter the content and function of exosomes released from donor cells, thus affecting the downstream signalings of recipient cells. In this way, herpesviruses hijack exosomal pathways to ensure their survival and persistence, and exosomes are emerging as critical mediators for virus infection-associated intercellular communication and microenvironment alteration. In this review, the function and effects of exosomes in herpesvirus infection will be discussed, so that we will have a better understanding about the pathogenesis of herpesviruses.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles: novel vehicles in herpesvirus infection

et al. 2017

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“…Moreover, there is an increasing expectation in their potential use as clinical targets and as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers since vesicles occur in bloodstream and other biological fluids (e.g., urine, semen, amniotic fluid, saliva, synovial and bronchoalveolar fluid, breast milk, spinal fluid, ascites, malignant and pleural effusion), particularly the ones that are exposed to primary tumors (2,19,(25)(26)(27)(28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-dependent release of extracellular vesicle subpopulations in tumor CABA I cells

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Investigations into extracellular vesicles (EVs) have significantly increased since their role in physiological and pathological processes has become more clearly understood. Furthermore, it has become increasingly clear that several subpopulations of EVs exist, such as exosomes (EXOs) and microvesicles (MVs). Various methods and techniques used to identify and isolate the specific EVs subpopulations exist. However, these methods should be further elucidated. A deep understanding of the different factors that affect the EVs release may therefore be useful for the standardization of protocols and to establish guidelines for a more adequate analysis and correct inter-laboratory comparison. In the present study, we investigated whether composition and molecular features of EVs altered over time following a trigger stimulus. Starved CABA I cells were stimulated with FBS and conditioned medium was collected after different time intervals (30 min and 4, 8 and 18 h). The dynamic of EVs release was time-dependent, as shown by the results of scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the time elapsed from the stimulus affected the size distribution (as highlighted by transmission electron microscopy and NanoSight assay), amount (in terms of the number of particles and protein amount) and molecular composition (CD63, HLA, Ago-2, gelatinases, and plasminogen activators) suggesting that, different EVs subpopulations were released at different time intervals following cell stimulation. Collectively, the results suggested that, parameters useful to standardize procedures for EVs isolation, including stimulation time should be considered.

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“…Endosomes can differentiate in multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs), which are endocytic structures formed by the budding of an endosomal membrane into the lumen of the compartment. 32 This leads to the formation of small vesicles called intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), future exosomes. Then, the fusion of these MVBs with the plasma membrane provokes the release of the ILVs in extracellular space, and become exosomes (Fig.…”

Section: Biogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in cancer theranostic: Diamonds in the rough

Cordonnier

Chanteloup

Isambert

et al. 2017

Cell Adhesion & Migration

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During the last 10 years, exosomes, which are small vesicles of 50-200 nm diameter of endosomal origin, have aroused a great interest in the scientific and clinical community for their roles in intercellular communication in almost all physiological and pathological processes. Most cells can potentially release these nanovesicles that share with the parent cell a similar lipid bilayer with transmembrane proteins and a panel of enclosed soluble proteins such as heat shock proteins and genetic material, thus acting as potential nanoshuttles of biomarkers. Exosomes surface proteins allow their targeting and capture by recipient cells, while the exosomes' content can modify the physiological state of recipient cells. Tumor derived exosomes by interacting with other cells of the tumor microenvironment modulate tumor progression, angiogenic switch, metastasis, and immune escape. Targeting tumor-derived exosomes might be an interesting approach in cancer therapy. Furthermore, because a key issue to improve cancer patients' outcome relies on earlier cancer diagnosis (metastases, as opposed to the primary tumor, are responsible for most cancer deaths) exosomes have been put forward as promising biomarker candidates for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. This review summarizes the roles of exosomes in cancer and clinical interest, focusing on the importance of exosomal heat shock proteins (HSP). The challenges of clinical translation of HSPexosomes as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for early cancer detection are also discussed.

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Exosomes as Biomarker Treasure Chests for Prostate Cancer

Cited by 257 publications

References 68 publications

Extracellular vesicles: novel vehicles in herpesvirus infection

Extracellular vesicles: novel vehicles in herpesvirus infection

Time-dependent release of extracellular vesicle subpopulations in tumor CABA I cells

Exosomes in cancer theranostic: Diamonds in the rough

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