Exosomes as emerging players in cancer biology

Couto, Nuno; Caja, Sergio; Maia, Joana; Moraes, Maria Carolina Strano; Costa-Silva, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.biochi.2018.03.006

Cited by 49 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 120 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…88 The correct medicine and living system recipient require communication of an individually relevant "message" 25 or information pattern at their interface. Sensory detection, 53,56,65 endogenous non-linear cell-to-cell communication, 77,87,[89][90][91][92][93][94][95] and non-linear amplification processes 18,54 in the body engage the inter-connected cells and sub-systems that comprise the body. 45 The body as an inter-connected emergent network of cells and sub-systems-not the direct effects of the medicinegenerates the healing response.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complexity of the Homeopathic Healing Response Part 1: The Role of the Body as a Complex Adaptive System in Simillimum-Initiated Recovery from Disease

Bell

2019

Homeopathy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The concepts of complex systems science enhance the understanding of how people develop and recover from disease. Living systems (human beings, animals, and plants) are self-organizing complex adaptive systems (CAS): that is, interconnected networks. CAS maintain life by initiating and carrying out non-linear dynamical changes to optimize survival fitness and function in the context of an ever-changing environment. Aims In Part 1 of this two-part paper, we relate concepts from complex systems science to homeopathic healing. The systemic changes of homeopathic healing involve adaptive patterns of responses to salient signals (similia) for reversing disease patterns and generating emergent multi-symptom healing over time. Methods and Results This narrative review relates homeopathic clinical practice theory to complex systems and network research. Homeopathic medicines communicate individually salient environmental information to the organism, with effects that are multi-system and indirect. The body's defense mechanisms recognize the self-similar information that the correctly chosen simillimum medicine at low dose conveys as a weak external/internal environmental stressor or danger signal (hormetin) to mobilize neural and cellular defenses. The body networks then use endogenous cell to cell signaling and amplify the small magnitude signal information. The results are disproportionately large: that is, non-linear, adaptive, modifications across the inter-connected self-organized biological networks/sub-systems of the body. CAS amplification mechanisms for small or weak signals include stochastic resonance, time-dependent sensitization, and hormesis. Conclusions The body as a complex system has the capacity for self-organization, emergence and self-similarity over global (overall health and wellbeing) and local (organ) levels of organization. These features are key for future research on the systemic healing that evolves over time during individualized homeopathic treatment.

show abstract

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complexity of the Homeopathic Healing Response Part 1: The Role of the Body as a Complex Adaptive System in Simillimum-Initiated Recovery from Disease

Bell

2019

Homeopathy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Exosomes are 30-150 nm small nanovesicles, which are endosomal in origin, see Figure 3 [119]. They contain proteins, microRNAs, mRNAs, lipids, mitochondrial DNA, and genomic DNA [120] and are secreted by normal and pathological cells into the microenvironment.…”

Section: Exosomes As Mediators Of Cell-cell Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Direct and Indirect Exposure to Ionising Radiation Influence the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells

Kadhim

Mayah

Brooks

2020

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ionising radiation (IR) is commonly used for cancer therapy; however, its potential influence on the metastatic ability of surviving cancer cells exposed directly or indirectly to IR remains controversial. Metastasis is a multistep process by which the cancer cells dissociate from the initial site, invade, travel through the blood stream or lymphatic system, and colonise distant sites. This complex process has been reported to require cancer cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by which the cancer cells convert from an adhesive, epithelial to motile, mesenchymal form and is also associated with changes in glycosylation of cell surface proteins, which may be functionally involved in metastasis. In this paper, we give an overview of metastatic mechanisms and of the fundamentals of cancer-associated glycosylation changes. While not attempting a comprehensive review of this wide and fast moving field, we highlight some of the accumulating evidence from in vitro and in vivo models for increased metastatic potential in cancer cells that survive IR, focusing on angiogenesis, cancer cell motility, invasion, and EMT and glycosylation. We also explore the indirect effects in cells exposed to exosomes released from irradiated cells. The results of such studies need to be interpreted with caution and there remains limited evidence that radiotherapy enhances the metastatic capacity of cancers in a clinical setting and undoubtedly has a very positive clinical benefit. However, there is potential that this therapeutic benefit may ultimately be enhanced through a better understanding of the direct and indirect effects of IR on cancer cell behaviour.

show abstract

“…CIC-TEX can affect non-CIC, matrix and cells of the tumor stroma, EC, hematopoiesis, and the premetastatic niche (Couto et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2018). Though TEX-CD44/CD44v6 may add to all these activities, so far this has been confirmed for matrix modulation, premetastatic niche preparation and the impact on Non-CIC and is suggested for angiogenesis, which will be briefly discussed.…”

Section: Cic Cd44 and Texmentioning

confidence: 99%

CD44/CD44v6 a Reliable Companion in Cancer-Initiating Cell Maintenance and Tumor Progression

Wang

Zhao

Hackert

et al. 2018

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer death, tumor progression proceeding through emigration from the primary tumor, gaining access to the circulation, leaving the circulation, settling in distant organs and growing in the foreign environment. The capacity of a tumor to metastasize relies on a small subpopulation of cells in the primary tumor, so called cancer-initiating cells (CIC). CIC are characterized by sets of markers, mostly membrane anchored adhesion molecules, CD44v6 being the most frequently recovered marker. Knockdown and knockout models accompanied by loss of tumor progression despite unaltered primary tumor growth unraveled that these markers are indispensable for CIC. The unexpected contribution of marker molecules to CIC-related activities prompted research on underlying molecular mechanisms. This review outlines the contribution of CD44, particularly CD44v6 to CIC activities. A first focus is given to the impact of CD44/CD44v6 to inherent CIC features, including the crosstalk with the niche, apoptosis-resistance, and epithelial mesenchymal transition. Following the steps of the metastatic cascade, we report on supporting activities of CD44/CD44v6 in migration and invasion. These CD44/CD44v6 activities rely on the association with membrane-integrated and cytosolic signaling molecules and proteases and transcriptional regulation. They are not restricted to, but most pronounced in CIC and are tightly regulated by feedback loops. Finally, we discuss on the engagement of CD44/CD44v6 in exosome biogenesis, loading and delivery. exosomes being the main acteurs in the long-distance crosstalk of CIC with the host. In brief, by supporting the communication with the niche and promoting apoptosis resistance CD44/CD44v6 plays an important role in CIC maintenance. The multifaceted interplay between CD44/CD44v6, signal transducing molecules and proteases facilitates the metastasizing tumor cell journey through the body. By its engagement in exosome biogenesis CD44/CD44v6 contributes to disseminated tumor cell settlement and growth in distant organs. Thus, CD44/CD44v6 likely is the most central CIC biomarker.

show abstract

Exosomes as emerging players in cancer biology

Cited by 49 publications

References 120 publications

The Complexity of the Homeopathic Healing Response Part 1: The Role of the Body as a Complex Adaptive System in Simillimum-Initiated Recovery from Disease

The Complexity of the Homeopathic Healing Response Part 1: The Role of the Body as a Complex Adaptive System in Simillimum-Initiated Recovery from Disease

Does Direct and Indirect Exposure to Ionising Radiation Influence the Metastatic Potential of Breast Cancer Cells

CD44/CD44v6 a Reliable Companion in Cancer-Initiating Cell Maintenance and Tumor Progression

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About