Exosomes: Beyond stem cells for cardiac protection and repair

Abstract

The adult human heart has limited regenerative capacity; hence, stem cell therapy has been investigated as a potential approach for cardiac repair. However, a large part of the benefit of the injection of stem and progenitor cells into injured hearts is mediated by secreted factors. Exosomes—nano‐sized secreted extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin—have emerged as key signaling organelles in intercellular communication, and are now viewed as the key regenerative constituent of the secretome of stem and progenitor cells. Exosomes released from mesenchymal stem cells, cardiac‐derived progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and iPSC‐derived cardiomyocytes exhibit cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, and reparative abilities. This concise review discusses the therapeutic benefit of exosomes secreted by stem and progenitor cells in preclinical models of ischemic heart disease.

Obesity regulates miR‐467/HoxA10 axis on osteogenic differentiation and fracture healing by BMSC‐derived exosome LncRNA H19

“…In this study, we also verified this phenomenon through in vivo and in vitro experiments. Exosomes have been proven to affect cell functions as an important link in cell‐to‐cell communication 20 . The previous research of our group has confirmed that H19 can affect the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.…”

“…Exosomes have been proven to affect cell functions as an important link in cell-to-cell communication. 20 The previous research of our group has confirmed that H19 can affect the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. In this study, after constructing high-fat-treated BMSCs, it was found that the secretion of exosomes was significantly reduced.…”

“…With the deepening of research on exosomes, in addition to normal cell‐to‐cell communication, they can be well used in targeted treatment of diseases 20 . In this study, we first verified that obesity or high‐fat environment can affect the secretion of exosomes derived from BMSCs and abnormal osteogenic differentiation.…”

“…With the deepening of research on exosomes, in addition to normal cell-to-cell communication, they can be well used in targeted treatment of diseases. 20 In this study, we first verified that obesity or high-fat environment can affect the secretion of exosomes derived from BMSCs and abnormal osteogenic differentiation. This research group and a large number of previous studies have confirmed that H19 can affect osteogenic differentiation, but its upstream sources and participating mechanisms have not been discussed in depth.…”

Secretome Signature of Cardiopoietic Cells Echoed in Rescued infarcted Heart Proteome

“…26,27 The present study supports the notion that secretome proficiency contributes to rescue of organ failure. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Indeed, paracrine functionality was echoed in proteome restoration, underscoring connectivity between secretome signature and realized regenerative efficacy. Predelivery molecular profiling would thus aid in forecasting suitability of paracrine action.…”