Exosomes from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Infected Cells License Quiescent CD4
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            T Lymphocytes To Replicate HIV-1 through a Nef- and ADAM17-Dependent Mechanism

Arenaccio, Claudia; Chiozzini, Chiara; Columba-Cabezas, Sandra; Manfredi, Francesco; Affabris, Elisabetta; Baur, Andreas S.; Federico, Maurizio

doi:10.1128/jvi.01712-14

Cited by 155 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…To date, though, there is no convincing indication that retroviruses use this method. Various HIV-1 RNAs and proteins have been detected in EVs, and effects have been imputed to some of these (8,(46)(47)(48)(49). In one report, several unspliced HIV RNA sequences were found in association with exosomes, consistent with full-length genome incorporation (46).…”

Section: Do Other Enveloped Viruses Shuttle Genomes In Evs?mentioning

confidence: 71%

Extracellular Vesicles Exploit Viral Entry Routes for Cargo Delivery

Dongen

Masoumi

Witwer

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

232

193

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SUMMARYExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular communication, being involved in a wide array of key biological processes. Eukaryotic cells, and also bacteria, actively release heterogeneous subtypes of EVs into the extracellular space, where their contents reflect their (sub)cellular origin and the physiologic state of the parent cell. Within the past 20 years, presumed subtypes of EVs have been given a rather confusing diversity of names, including exosomes, microvesicles, ectosomes, microparticles, virosomes, virus-like particles, and oncosomes, and these names are variously defined by biogenesis, physical characteristics, or function. The latter category, functions, in particular the transmission of biological signals between cellsin vivoand how EVs control biological processes, has garnered much interest. EVs have pathophysiological properties in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, infectious disease, and cardiovascular disease, highlighting possibilities not only for minimally invasive diagnostic applications but also for therapeutic interventions, like macromolecular drug delivery. Yet, in order to pursue therapies involving EVs and delivering their cargo, a better grasp of EV targeting is needed. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning EV uptake by receptor-ligand interactions with recipient cells, highlighting once again the overlap of EVs and viruses. Despite their highly heterogeneous nature, EVs require common viral entry pathways, and an unanticipated specificity for cargo delivery is being revealed. We discuss the challenges ahead in delineating specific roles for EV-associated ligands and cellular receptors.

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Section: Do Other Enveloped Viruses Shuttle Genomes In Evs?mentioning

confidence: 71%

Extracellular Vesicles Exploit Viral Entry Routes for Cargo Delivery

Dongen

Masoumi

Witwer

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

232

193

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Delivery of the EV-associated Nef to T cells affects these cells in several ways. First, the transferred Nef may activate T cells, rendering them more susceptible to HIV infection (54). Second, EVs can deliver Nef to some of the bystander CD4 + T cells and induce cell senescence or death (55).…”

Section: To Be or Not To Be Infected: Evs In Pro-and Antiviral Stratementioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles and viruses: Are they close relatives?

Hoen

Cremer

Gallo

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

425

390

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by various cells are small phospholipid membrane-enclosed entities that can carry miRNA. They are now central to research in many fields of biology because they seem to constitute a new system of cell–cell communication. Physical and chemical characteristics of many EVs, as well as their biogenesis pathways, resemble those of retroviruses. Moreover, EVs generated by virus-infected cells can incorporate viral proteins and fragments of viral RNA, being thus indistinguishable from defective (noninfectious) retroviruses. EVs, depending on the proteins and genetic material incorporated in them, play a significant role in viral infection, both facilitating and suppressing it. Deciphering the mechanisms of EV-cell interactions may facilitate the design of EVs that inhibit viral infection and can be used as vehicles for targeted drug delivery.

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“…Previous studies in 293T cells and quiescent CD4 T cells suggested a role for Nef in TNF production through its effects on exosomes (97,98). Therefore, we assessed the contribution of Nef to TNF release by infecting MT4C5 cells with viruses deleted for vpr or for nef or deleted for both genes (see Fig.…”

Section: Vpr Enhances Tnf Secretion By Infected Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vpr Enhances Tumor Necrosis Factor Production by HIV-1-Infected T Cells

Roesch

Richard

Rua

et al. 2015

J Virol

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The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr displays different activities potentially impacting viral replication, including the arrest of the cell cycle in the G 2 phase and the stimulation of apoptosis and DNA damage response pathways. Vpr also modulates cytokine production by infected cells, but this property remains partly characterized. Here, we investigated the effect of Vpr on the production of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). We report that Vpr significantly increases TNF secretion by infected lymphocytes. De novo production of Vpr is required for this effect. Vpr mutants known to be defective for G

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Exosomes from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Infected Cells License Quiescent CD4 ⁺ T Lymphocytes To Replicate HIV-1 through a Nef- and ADAM17-Dependent Mechanism

Cited by 155 publications

References 35 publications

Extracellular Vesicles Exploit Viral Entry Routes for Cargo Delivery

Extracellular Vesicles Exploit Viral Entry Routes for Cargo Delivery

Extracellular vesicles and viruses: Are they close relatives?

Vpr Enhances Tumor Necrosis Factor Production by HIV-1-Infected T Cells

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Exosomes from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Infected Cells License Quiescent CD4 + T Lymphocytes To Replicate HIV-1 through a Nef- and ADAM17-Dependent Mechanism

Cited by 155 publications

References 35 publications

Extracellular Vesicles Exploit Viral Entry Routes for Cargo Delivery

Extracellular Vesicles Exploit Viral Entry Routes for Cargo Delivery

Extracellular vesicles and viruses: Are they close relatives?

Vpr Enhances Tumor Necrosis Factor Production by HIV-1-Infected T Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Exosomes from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Infected Cells License Quiescent CD4 ⁺ T Lymphocytes To Replicate HIV-1 through a Nef- and ADAM17-Dependent Mechanism