Expanding Window Fountain Codes for Unequal Error Protection

Sejdinović, Dino; Vukobratović, Dejan; Doufexi, Angela; Šenk, V.; Piechocki, Robert J.

doi:10.1109/acssc.2007.4487375

Cited by 49 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Thus, if the reconstruction of a high‐priority window fails, the subsequent low‐priority window is also considered to be lost, even if it can in fact be successfully recovered. By contrast, expanding‐window FEC takes account of the video coding dependency at the FEC coding stage . In particular, the current video frame and all the preceding frames are used to construct a coding window in such a way that the window continuously expands until the entire GOP is covered .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sliding‐window forward error correction using Reed‐Solomon code and unequal error protection for real‐time streaming video

Weng

Shih

Chou

2017

Int J Communication

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SummaryForward error correction (FEC) techniques are widely used to recover packet losses over unreliable networks in real-time video streaming applications.Traditional frame-level FEC encodes 1 video frame in each FEC coding window. By contrast, in the expanding-window FEC scheme, high-priority frames are included in the FEC processing of the following frames, so as to construct a larger coding window. In general, expanding-window FEC improves the recovery performance of FEC, because the high-priority frame can be protected by multiple windows and the use of a larger coding window increases the efficiency. However, the larger window size also increases the complexity of the coding and the memory space requirements. Consequently, expanding-window FEC is limited in terms of practical applications. Sliding-window FEC adopts a fixed window size in order to approximate the performance of the expanding-window FEC method, but with a reduced complexity. Previous studies on sliding-window FEC have generally adopted an equal error protection (EEP) mechanism to simplify the analysis. This paper considers the more practical case of an unequal error protection (UEP) strategy. An analytical model is derived for estimating the playable frame rate (PFR) of the proposed sliding-window FEC scheme with a Reed-Solomon erasure code for real-time non-scalable streaming applications. The analytical model is used to determine the optimal FEC configuration which maximizes the PFR value under given transmission rate constraints. The simulation results show that the proposed sliding-window scheme achieves almost the same performance as the expanding-window scheme, but with a significantly lower computational complexity. KEYWORDSforward error correction, playable frame rate, real-time video streaming, Reed-Solomon code, unequal error protection

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sliding‐window forward error correction using Reed‐Solomon code and unequal error protection for real‐time streaming video

Weng

Shih

Chou

2017

Int J Communication

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“…Expanding Window Fountain (EWF) codes are designed in [8] by choosing different window probability in LT coding. Duplication Window Fountain (DWF) codes are realized in [9] through setting different multiples of replicator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel UEP LT Coding Scheme with Feedback Based on Different Degree Distributions

Wei-dang

2016

ITM Web Conf.

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Abstract. Traditional unequal error protection (UEP) schemes have some limitations and problems, such as the poor UEP performance of high priority data and the seriously sacrifice of low priority data in decoding property. Based on the reasonable applications of different degree distributions in LT codes, this paper puts forward a novel UEP LT coding scheme with a simple feedback to compile these data packets separately. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively protect high priority data, and improve the transmission efficiency of low priority data from 2.9% to 22.3%. Furthermore, it is fairly suitable to apply this novel scheme to multicast and broadcast environments since only a simple feedback introduced.

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“…There are mainly two methods to realize UEP in fountain codes, including the weighted method [6] and the expanding window (EW) method [8]. In this paper, we adopt the weighted method which is more simple than the EW method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis of Unequal Error Protection Distributed Network Coding Based on Fountain Codes

Yue

Lin

Bai

et al. 2014

IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett.

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In this paper, we propose an unequal error protection (UEP) distributed network coding (DNC) scheme based on fountain codes to provide arbitrary error protection (i.e., infinite protection levels) to all the source nodes in wireless relay networks (WRNs). We derive the upper and lower bit error rate (BER) bounds for the proposed UEP DNC scheme with maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding over Rayleigh fading channels. Numerical results show that the derived analytical bounds are tight and our proposed UEP DNC scheme based on fountain codes has a strong UEP property.Index Terms-Distributed network coding, wireless relay networks, fountain codes, Rayleigh fading channels, upper and lower bit error rate bounds.

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Expanding Window Fountain Codes for Unequal Error Protection

Cited by 49 publications

References 7 publications

Sliding‐window forward error correction using Reed‐Solomon code and unequal error protection for real‐time streaming video

Sliding‐window forward error correction using Reed‐Solomon code and unequal error protection for real‐time streaming video

Novel UEP LT Coding Scheme with Feedback Based on Different Degree Distributions

Performance Analysis of Unequal Error Protection Distributed Network Coding Based on Fountain Codes

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