Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory

Brennan, Kelly A.; Clark, Catherine L.; Shaver, Phillip R.

doi:10.1037/t23266-000

Cited by 719 publications

(1,451 citation statements)

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“…This questionnaire measures parental emotional responses to children’s traumas. Internal consistency ( α ) was .95. Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998). This questionnaire measures attachment in adult partner relationships.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sexual abuse in very young children: a psychological assessment in the Amsterdam Sexual Abuse Case study

Duin

Verlinden

Vrolijk-Bosschaart

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a worldwide problem affecting children of all ages and socioeconomic backgrounds. A knowledge gap exists regarding the psychological outcomes for children, boys in particular, who are abused during their early lives.Objective: To provide a descriptive psychological profile of children who experienced sexual abuse as infants or toddlers from a male daycare worker and babysitter, and to assess the psychopathological impact on their parents.Method: Parents of children involved in the Amsterdam Sexual Abuse Case (41 parents; 44 children, age range 3–11 years, 30 boys, 14 girls) completed measures on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), dissociation, sexual and non-sexual behaviour problems, and attachment insecurity in their children, as well as on parental psychological well-being, 3 years after disclosure. Sexual abuse characteristics were obtained from police records.Results: We found that 3% of confirmed child victims had PTSD, 30% sexual behaviour problems, 24% internalizing problems, 27% attachment insecurity, and 18% any psychiatric disorder (including PTSD); 39% were asymptomatic. In parents, we found feelings of guilt, shame, and anger about the abuse of their child; 19% showed PTSD symptoms and 3% showed avoidant and 8% anxious attachment problems in their intimate relationship. Parental symptomatology was related to child symptomatology, except for child sexual behaviour problems. One-quarter of confirmed child victims and 45% of parents had received psychological treatment.Conclusions: Three years after disclosure, extrafamilial CSA in very young children was associated with sexual and non-sexual behaviour problems and attachment insecurity, but rarely with PTSD or dissociation. For parents it was associated with PTSD symptoms and emotional reactions. Assessments and interventions should focus on the wide spectrum of problems that follow CSA, as well as on parental psychopathology and the parent–child relationship. Future follow-up assessments in our longitudinal study should provide insights into longer-term outcomes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) (Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998). This questionnaire measures attachment in adult partner relationships.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual abuse in very young children: a psychological assessment in the Amsterdam Sexual Abuse Case study

Duin

Verlinden

Vrolijk-Bosschaart

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…The ECR-R (Fraley, Waller, & Brennan, 2000) is a revised version of Brennan, Clark, and Shaver’s (1998) original ECR questionnaire. It consists of 18 items that measure anxiety and 18 items assessing avoidance (Sibley & Liu, 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Italian translation and cross-cultural comparison with the Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen (CARTS)

Simonelli

Sacchi

Cantoni

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: The Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen (CARTS) is a computer-administered survey designed to assess retrospectively the socio-ecological context in which instances of child abuse may have occurred. To date, studies supporting the validity of the CARTS have only been undertaken in English-speaking North American populations. Validation projects in other countries and cross-cultural comparisons are therefore warranted. Objective: Develop and preliminarily evaluate the psychometric properties of an Italian version of the CARTS on college students and compare such observations to data acquired from Canadian students. Method: Seventy-nine undergraduate students from the University of Padua (Italy) completed an Italian translation of the CARTS as well as measures of childhood experiences, mental health and attachment, responses to which were compared to those obtained in 288 Canadian students who completed the CARTS in English. Results: Internal consistency and convergent validity with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Parental Bonding Instrument were found to be acceptable for the Italian translation. Within the Italian sample, correlation analyses suggested that CARTS Mother ratings referring to attachment and abuse were associated with romantic attachment, whereas CARTS Father ratings were significantly correlated to PTSD symptoms and other symptoms of psychopathology-distress. Significant differences between Italian and Canadian students across the relationship types for the CARTS abuse and attachment scales were found, indicating that Italian students rated their mothers and fathers as simultaneously less abusive, but also less as a source of secure attachment. Conclusions: The results of this preliminary study seem to suggest convergent validity of the Italian CARTS and the association between childhood attachment-related experiences and romantic attachment. Cultural variations were identified between Canadian and Italian students in both attachment and abuse scales. Future studies to investigate cross-cultural variations in the relational context of childhood abuse and in order to boost Italian CARTS psychometric features are warranted.

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“…These differences can be conceptualized as 2 dimensions of attachment-related avoidance and attachment-related anxiety [30, 31]. Attachment-related avoidance reflects the degree to which an individual distrusts the goodwill of others and strives toward behavioral independence and emotional distance from them.…”

Section: Attachment and Csb Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative and Clinical Self-Perceptions of Sexuality and Their Links to Psychopathology among Adolescents

Efrati

Dannon

2018

Psychopathology

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Background: Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) has been linked to psychopathology among adults. Only preliminary research has been conducted on adolescents. In our study, we examined whether CSB is linked to psychopathology among adolescents or whether it is a part of normal sexual development. We also, examined potential risk and resiliency factors that might influence this link. Methods: The study population included 311 high school students (184 males and 127 females) aged 16–18 years who completed self-report measures regarding CSB, psychopathology, temperament, and attachment orientations. Results: Adolescents with clinical CSB had more severe psychopathologies than nonclinical ones (with moderate and low levels of CSB) and were unable to utilize resilience factors (i.e., low negative affectivity, high effortful control, and/or attachment security). Conclusions: Low and moderate levels of CSB seem to be part of the normal development of sexuality among adolescents. Clinical CSB seems to be a deviation from this normal development.

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Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory

Cited by 719 publications

References 0 publications

Sexual abuse in very young children: a psychological assessment in the Amsterdam Sexual Abuse Case study

Sexual abuse in very young children: a psychological assessment in the Amsterdam Sexual Abuse Case study

Italian translation and cross-cultural comparison with the Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen (CARTS)

Normative and Clinical Self-Perceptions of Sexuality and Their Links to Psychopathology among Adolescents

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