Experiencing whole type: living into the archetypal Self

Abstract

Expanding on Jung’s use of the role of the superior and inferior functions, Angelo Spoto advances a new typological model based on ‘whole type’ that utilizes a typological perspective on the archetypal Self. In this new model four cognitive modes taking superior positions are developed in the first half of life and four cognitive modes taking inferior positions are encountered in the second half of life. This model indicates that type development and type dynamics take place through the holding of the tension of opposites between superior and inferior functions, helped by the transcendent function operating differently in the first and second halves of life. Specifically, in the first half of life, the transcendent function produces a tertium that moves typological development along to consolidate an ego‐pattern. In the second half of life, the transcendent function takes the individual into encounters having to do with an appreciation of sacrifice, transformation, and symbol‐making, as the personality advances towards a greater awareness of wholeness, by way of the inferiors.

Testing the bipolar assumption of Singer-Loomis Type Deployment Inventory for Korean adults using classification and multidimensional scaling

“…To measure these functions in typology, Gray-Wheelwrights Jungian Types Survey (GW-JTS) and Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) were developed and well used worldwide, but their forced-choice dichotomic format in measuring the bipolar assumption in psychological types has long been challenged and questioned ( Loomis, 1982 ; Girelli and Stake, 1993 ; Turcu and Minulescu, 2019 ) for producing spurious negative correlations among items ( Kerlinger, 1986 ), and their scoring system relying on this categorical approach results in distorting Jung’s theory and application ( Comrey, 1983 ; Carlson, 1989 ; Healy, 1989 ; McCrae and Costa, 1989 ; McCaulley, 1991 ; Merenda, 1991 ; Girelli and Stake, 1993 ; Harvey et al, 1995 ; Garden, 1997 ; Spoto, 2021 ). Complementary to these previous inventories, Singer and Loomis developed a Singer–Loomis type development inventory, SL-TDI ( Singer, 1996 ), to measure these functions and Jung’s psychological types with a Likert scale-based construct.…”