Experiment-based optimization of an energy-efficient heat pump integrated water heater for household appliances

Kütük, Erkan; Çetin, Barbaros; Bayer, Özgür

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.123308

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The aim of the experiment was to create a theoretical model to map the energy losses in the working system of a dishwasher and to perform an optimization analysis of the energy flow in the working systems in order to reduce energy consumption. Previous research proved that waste heat can be recovered by changing the dishwasher design, thus minimizing energy consumption [8][9][10][11]. The working system of the dishwasher was created using geometry and input data based on the real model of the dishwasher.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Energy Efficiency of a Dishwasher via Simulation Modeling

Skarka,

Sobota,

Antys

et al. 2024

Energies

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As the regulations and consumer preferences in Europe tend to favor more energy-efficient household appliances, companies have to find innovative ways of saving electric energy during the operations of those appliances. One such method in dishwasher design is to reduce heat energy loss to the surrounding environment and reuse heat energy during the washing cycle, thus minimizing the time that heaters are operating. In this study, a numerical simulation involving computational fluid dynamics is implemented to speed up the iterative process of improving efficiency. The washing cycle has been simplified to include only the most critical moments of dishwasher work, and non-important components have been excluded. A workflow of simulations and numerical methods employed for this task is presented. The numerical simulations are compared with real-life experiments to assess their accuracy and verify boundary conditions. Geometric and washing cycle improvements are compared with the base design and show satisfactory results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Energy Efficiency of a Dishwasher via Simulation Modeling

Skarka,

Sobota,

Antys

et al. 2024

Energies

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“…The energy consumption of domestic hot water accounts for a large proportion of the energy consumption of buildings, among which residential domestic hot water energy consumption accounts for about 20.00% of the total energy consumption of residential buildings in many places in the world [5]. Compared with hot water boilers, electric water heaters, and gas water heaters, heat pump water heaters (HPWHs) have been promoted and applied in many countries by virtue of their energy-saving and high-efficiency advantages in hot water production, and have been also the focus of attention of many scholars [6][7][8][9]. Drastic state changes occur during startup, which can affect the startup time, safety (negative-and high-pressure operation), and energy efficiency of heat pump and air-conditioning systems, where the startup time is primarily connected to thermal comfort and user satisfaction [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Feasibility of Quick Startup of Instant Heat Pump Water Heaters Based on Active Control of Heat Sink Flow Step

Ju,

Mu,

et al. 2023

Energies

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The influence of flow step ratio (FSR) on the startup characteristics of instant heat pump water heaters (IHPWHs) with natural mixture M (R744/R290 (12/88)) under nominal conditions was studied experimentally to verify the feasibility of a new quick startup method. The results show that the FSR had a marked effect on the startup time of system performance parameters. Under the optimal FSR of 0.6, the shortest system startup time and available hot water supply time were 700 s and 250 s, respectively, which were markedly shorter than those in the conventional startup. Therefore, rapid startup of the system and rapid production of usable domestic hot water can be realized by controlling the flow step. The influence of flow step on the variation trend of system performance parameters was obviously different, and there was no slow warming section for the heat sink outlet temperature (HSOT) under three FSRs. The HSOT, heating capacity, and high pressure side pressures had the maximum values in the quick startup, and the maximum values were obviously affected by the FSR. The FSR had no marked effect on the minimum suction pressure. The refrigerant pressures and refrigerant temperatures fluctuated markedly in both rapid and conventional starts.

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“…Significant progress has been made in the efficiency of heat pump area. Although the study in 2017 mentioned that HPWH operates in the Coefficient of Performance (COP) range from 1.8 to 2.5 [17], the recent research reported much higher efficiency: 3.0-3.54 [18], 3.6-3.9 [19]. A state-of-the-art review about HPWHs was performed by Ibrahim et al [20] and Willem et al [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Measurement of Central CO2 Heat Pump Water Heater for Multifamily Retrofit

Banks¹,

Grist²,

Heller³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Domestic hot water heating of multifamily buildings accounts for a substantial portion of the energy load of existing buildings. This load is made up of both the energy required to produce hot water and the energy needed to maintain the temperature of the heated water within a building’s distribution piping so that heat can be promptly delivered to building occupants as needed. Properly designed heat pump water heater (HPWH) systems have the ability to improve efficiency in both water heating and temperature control operations. Further, CO2 heat pump technology reflects a shift away from traditional refrigerants and toward refrigerants with low global warming potential (GWP). In this paper’s case study, a design consisting of multiple CO2 heat pump water heaters (commonly used in single-family homes) with a novel “swing tank” was proposed to meet the demand for domestic hot water heating and recirculation loop temperature maintenance. The proposed design was applied to the retrofit of a 60-unit, low-rise, multi-family building located in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The purpose of this paper is to verify the performance of the system including the proposed “swing tank” in a centralized SHW system using CO2 HPWH. It also provides practical information and lessons learned from the retrofit project. Long-term monitoring data showed that the system had a coefficient of performance (COP) of three or greater and provided an average of 20 gallons of hot water per day per apartment. The results of this work indicate that residential-scale CO2 HPWH equipment and a “swing tank” design can efficiently provide domestic hot water heating and temperature maintenance for mid-sized multifamily buildings.

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Experiment-based optimization of an energy-efficient heat pump integrated water heater for household appliances

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Enhancing Energy Efficiency of a Dishwasher via Simulation Modeling

Enhancing Energy Efficiency of a Dishwasher via Simulation Modeling

Experimental Study on the Feasibility of Quick Startup of Instant Heat Pump Water Heaters Based on Active Control of Heat Sink Flow Step

Field Measurement of Central CO2 Heat Pump Water Heater for Multifamily Retrofit

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