Experimental and Calculated Ag + Au + Ge Phase Diagram

Hassam, S.; Gambino, M.; Gaune‐Escard, M.; Bros, J.P.; Ågren, John

doi:10.1007/bf02649254

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The calculated temperature and composition of the eutectic reaction is within experimental error (about 3 K and 2 at.%) as given in Table 1. Reasonable agreement has been obtained between the calculated and experimental results [19][20][21][22][23] in the present work.…”

Section: The Au-ge Binary Systemsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Using thermal analysis, Jaffee et al [19], Predel and Bankstahl [20], Legendre and Souleau [21] and Hassam et al [22] have measured the temperature and composition of this eutectic reaction as given in Table 1. The experimental data on this eutectic reaction are in good agreement with each other and are accepted in the present work.…”

Section: The Au-ge Binary Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamic modeling of the Au–Ge–Sn ternary system

Wang

Leinenbach

Roth

2009

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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a b s t r a c tBased on the available experimental information, the Au-Ge binary system has been thermodynamically assessed using the CALPHAD method. The solution phases including liquid, fcc A1, hcp A3, diamond A4, bct A5 and D024, were modeled as substitutional solutions, of which the excess Gibbs energies were expressed by the Redlich-Kister polynomial. The solubility of Ge in Au 5 Sn, AuSn, AuSn 2 and AuSn 4 was not taken into account due to the lack of experimental data. Combined with previous assessments of the Au-Sn and Ge-Sn binary systems, the thermodynamic description of the Au-Ge-Sn ternary system has been performed to reproduce the reported phase equilibria. The liquidus projection and several vertical sections of this ternary system have been calculated, which are in reasonable agreement with the reported experimental data.

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Section: The Au-ge Binary Systemsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: The Au-ge Binary Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic modeling of the Au–Ge–Sn ternary system

Wang

Leinenbach

Roth

2009

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…For AgAu, AgPd, AuPd, MoTa, MoW and TaW, the predicted ground-state structures correspond to L1 0 , L1 1 , 'NbP', B2, B2 and fcc-based Ta 4 W 4 structures, respectively. Although the existence of ordered structures is experimentally unknown and an fcc or bcc solid solution has been reported to be the stable phase for the entire range of compositions for the six alloys [55,[60][61][62][63][64], theoretical predictions of the groundstate structures have been reported for four of the six alloys. For AgAu, AgPd, AuPd and MoTa, the groundstate structures were predicted to be L1 0 [56], L1 1 [65], 'NbP' [66] and B2 structures [67], respectively, which are in good agreement with our prediction.…”

Section: B Nine Metallic Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient determination of alloy ground-state structures

2014

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We propose an efficient approach to accurately finding the ground-state structures in alloys based on the cluster expansion method. In this approach, a small number of candidate ground-state structures are obtained without any information of the energy. To generate the candidates, we employ the convex hull constructed from the correlation functions of all possible structures by using an efficient algorithm. This approach is applicable to not only simple lattices but also complex lattices. Firstly, we evaluate the convex hulls for binary alloys with four types of simple lattice. Then we discuss the structures on the vertices. To examine the accuracy of this approach, we perform a set of density functional theory calculations and the cluster expansion for Ag-Au alloy and compare the formation energies of the vertex structures with those of all possible structures. As applications, the ground-state structures of the intermetallic compounds CuAu, CuAg, CuPd, AuAg, AuPd, AgPd, MoTa, MoW and TaW are similarly evaluated. Finally, the energy distribution is obtained for different cation arrangements in MgAl2O4 spinel, for which long-range interactions are essential for the accurate description of its energetics.

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“…In our CALPHAD, thermodynamic data of the ternary SAC system published by Moon et al was used. 7 The additional parameters needed for the analysis of the Au-SAC quaternary system were obtained from the extrapolation of thermodynamic functions fitted to constitutional binary systems: Au-Ag, 8 Au-Cu, 9 and Au-Sn. 10 For the present work, the extrapolation technique introduced by Muggianu et al was employed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Au addition on the phase equilibria of near-eutectic Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu Pb-free solder alloy

Park

Kabade

Kim

et al. 2003

Journal of Elec Materi

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This paper illustrates the influence of Au addition on the phase equilibria of Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) near-eutectic alloys and on the interface reaction with the Cu substrate. From the thermal and microstructural characterization of Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu alloys containing various amounts of Au, it is found that the Au promotes the formation of a quaternary-eutectic reaction at 204.5°C Ϯ 0.3°C. The equilibrium phases in the quaternary-eutectic microstructure are found to be AuSn 4 , Ag 3 Sn, βSn, and Cu 6 Sn 5 . While the addition of Au to Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu alloys is also found to increase liquidus temperature and the temperature ranges of the phase equilibria field for primary phases, such influences from Au are found to be less pronounced when the alloys were reacted with the Cu substrate. Because of the formation of the Au-Cu-Sn-ternary interface intermetallic, it is found that a majority of Au added to the solder is drained from the melt. The drainage of Au reduces the impact of Au on the phase equilibria of the solder alloys in the joint. It is further found that the involvement of Au in the interface reaction results in a change of the interface phase morphology from the conventional scallop structure to a compositelike structure consisting of (AuCu) 6 Sn 5 grains and finely dispersed, βSn islands.

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Experimental and Calculated Ag + Au + Ge Phase Diagram

Cited by 37 publications

References 20 publications

Thermodynamic modeling of the Au–Ge–Sn ternary system

Thermodynamic modeling of the Au–Ge–Sn ternary system

Efficient determination of alloy ground-state structures

Influence of Au addition on the phase equilibria of near-eutectic Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu Pb-free solder alloy

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