“…Accordingly, HSS has been widely used in high rise buildings and long-span bridges (Kang et al, 2018a; Shi et al, 2014; Wang et al, 2014) and is attracting much attention from researchers to advocate its widespread applications. All past research studies about high strength steels have highlighted questions, which are of great interest, not only to the study of ultimate strength and buckling problems of HSS structures (Kang et al, 2019; Liu et al, 2019; Maraveas et al, 2017a, 2017b; Nie et al, 2018; Sajid and Kiran, 2019; Wang et al, 2017; Xiong and Liew, 2016; Xiong et al, 2016), but also to the study of performances of HSS structural members under extreme loading (Kesawan and Mahendran, 2018; Liu et al, 2014; Maraveas et al, 2017a; Qiang et al, 2015a, 2015b; Wang et al, 2020a).…”