Experimental approach for an in vitro toxicity assay with non-aggregated quantum dots

Koeneman, Brian A.; Zhang, Yang; Hristovski, Kiril; Westerhoff, Paul; Chen, Yongsheng; Crittenden, John C.; Capco, David G.

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2009.05.007

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Since CdSeeZnS QDs were suspended in the culture medium, we cannot exclude that some aggregation of nanoparticles may have occurred, down scoring cell toxicity [42]. Interestingly, also in hippocampal neurons treated with CdSe QDs, viability was significantly reduced at concentrations higher than 10 nM [23] and similar results were found for CdSeeZnS QDs, which affected corneal fibroblast viability by approximately 28% after 24 h incubation [20].…”

Section: Mccs Viability After Qds Exposurementioning

confidence: 67%

“…In this respect, it is worth mentioning that while unmodified CdSe/CdTe QDs cause morphological changes such as loss of plasma membrane integrity, chromatin condensation and damage to mitochondria and nuclei [54], CdSeeZnS QDs internalization in MCCs preserves membrane integrity, as monitored by the unaltered cell membrane resistance (Fig. 2) [42,60]. This action is again distinct from that of MWCNTs, which are shown to increase membrane leakage (lower membrane resistance) and penetrate the cell nuclei during prolonged exposures [51].…”

Section: Using Chromaffin Cells As An Experimental Model For Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of CdSe–ZnS quantum dots on calcium currents and catecholamine secretion in mouse chromaffin cells

Gosso¹,

Gavello²,

Giachello³

et al. 2011

Biomaterials

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a b s t r a c tSemiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) possess an enormous potential of applications in nanomedicine, drug delivery and bioimaging which derives from their unique photoemission and photostability characteristics. In spite of this, however, their interactions with biological systems and impact on human health are still largely unknown. Here we used neurosecretory mouse chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland for testing the effects of CdSeeZnS coreeshell quantum dots (5e36 nM) on Ca 2þ channels functionality and Ca 2þ -dependent neurosecretion. Prolonged exposure (24 h) to commonly used concentrations of CdSeeZnS QDs (!16 nM) showed that the semiconductor nanocrystal is effectively internalized into the cells without affecting cell integrity (no changes of membrane resistance and cell capacitance). QDs reduced the size of Ca 2þ currents by w28% in a voltage-independent manner without affecting channel gating. Correspondingly, depolarization-evoked exocytosis, measured at þ10 mV, where Ca 2þ currents are maximal, was reduced by 29%. CdSeeZnS QDs reduced the size of the readily releasable pool (RRP) of secretory vesicles by 32%, the frequency of release by 33% and the overall quantity of released catecholamines by 61%, as measured by carbon fibers amperometry. In addition, the Ca 2þ -dependence of exocytosis was reduced, whereas the catecholamine content of single granules, as well as the kinetics of release, remained unaltered. These data suggest that exposure to CdSeeZnS QDs impairs Ca 2þ influx and severely interferes with the functionality of the exocytotic machinery, compromising the overall catecholamine supply from chromaffin cells.

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Section: Mccs Viability After Qds Exposurementioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Using Chromaffin Cells As An Experimental Model For Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of CdSe–ZnS quantum dots on calcium currents and catecholamine secretion in mouse chromaffin cells

Gosso¹,

Gavello²,

Giachello³

et al. 2011

Biomaterials

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“…A human, brush border expressing intestinal cell line, Caco-2 (American Type Culture Collection) was maintained as previously described (Peterson and Mooseker 1992;Koeneman et al 2009). Cells were maintained at 37°C in a humidified 10% CO 2 incubator in DMEM (Mediatech) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen), 10 μg/mL transferrin (Roche), penicillin-streptomycin-amphotericin B (Cambrex).…”

Section: Cell Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements TEER measurements were obtained as previously described (Koeneman et al 2009). An EVOM (World Precision Instruments, Inc.) and "chopstick" electrodes (World Precision Instruments) were utilized to obtain resistance readings from the cells.…”

Section: Cell Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity and cellular responses of intestinal cells exposed to titanium dioxide

et al. 2009

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The increasing use of nanomaterials in healthcare and industrial products heightens the possibility of their ingestion by humans, other mammals, and fish. While toxicity of many nanomaterials has recently been studied, reports of non-lethal effects of nanomaterials remain ill-defined. This study investigates possible pathways by which nanoparticles, titanium dioxide (TiO(2)), could cross the epithelium layer by employing both toxicity and mechanistic studies. This study provides evidence that at 10 microg/mL and above, TiO(2) nanoparticles cross the epithelial lining of the intestinal model by transcytosis, albeit at low levels. TiO(2) was able to penetrate into and through the cells without disrupting junctional complexes, as measured by gamma-catenin. To monitor the epithelial integrity, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was employed and determined low concentrations (10 or 100 microg/mL) of TiO(2) do not disrupt epithelial integrity. Live/dead analysis results did not show cell death after exposure to TiO(2). In addition, at 10 microg/mL (and above) TiO(2) nanoparticles begin alteration of both microvillar organization on the apical surface of the epithelium as well as induce a rise in intracellular-free calcium. The latter is a mechanism cells use to respond to extracellular stimuli and may be linked to the alteration of the apical microvilli. Although TiO(2) does not show cell death, the implication of other, non-lethal, effects could lead to undesired outcomes (i.e., disease, malnutrition, shortened life span, etc.).

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Evaluation of the toxicity of food additive silica nanoparticles on gastrointestinal cells

Yang

Zhang

Cheng

et al. 2013

J of Applied Toxicology

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Silica nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in food products as an additive; however, their toxicity and safety to the human body and the environment still remain unclear. As a food additive, silica NPs firstly enter the human gastrointestinal tract along with food, thus their gastrointestinal toxicity deserves thorough study. Herein, we evaluated the toxicity of food additive silica NPs to cells originating from the gastrointestinal tract. Four silica NP samples were introduced to human gastric epithelial cell GES-1 and colorectal adenocarcinoma cell Caco-2 to investigate the effect of silica sample, exposure dose and exposure period on the morphology, viability and membrane integrity of cells. The cell uptake, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, cell cycle and apoptosis were determined to reveal the toxicity mechanism. The results indicate that all four silica NPs are safe for both GES-1 and Caco-2 cells after 24-h exposure at a concentration lower than 100 µg ml(-1) . At a higher concentration and longer exposure period, silica NPs do not induce the apoptosis/necrosis of cells, but arrest cell cycle and inhibit the cell growth. Notably, silica NPs do not pass through the Caco-2 cell monolayer after 4-h contact, indicating the low potential of silica NPs to cross the gastrointestinal tract in vivo. Our findings indicate that silica NPs could be used as a safe food additive, but more investigations, such as long-term in vivo exposure, are necessary in future studies.

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Experimental approach for an in vitro toxicity assay with non-aggregated quantum dots

Cited by 46 publications

References 22 publications

The effect of CdSe–ZnS quantum dots on calcium currents and catecholamine secretion in mouse chromaffin cells

The effect of CdSe–ZnS quantum dots on calcium currents and catecholamine secretion in mouse chromaffin cells

Toxicity and cellular responses of intestinal cells exposed to titanium dioxide

Evaluation of the toxicity of food additive silica nanoparticles on gastrointestinal cells

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