Experimental Carditis. Changes in the Myocardium and Pericardium of Rabbits Sensitized to Streptococci

Baker, Benjamin M.; Thomas, Caroline Bedell; Penick, Rawley M.

doi:10.1172/jci100697

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…However, animals are the only experimental models used to investigate the characteristic signs, pathogenesis and pathophysiology specific to ARF/RHD. Animals including guinea pigs, rabbits, pigs, sheep, goats, cattle, cats, dogs, and non-human primates have been used as experimental model to understand the disease mechanism of ARF/RHD and to investigate the rheumatogenic potential of GAS M proteins (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). In the last two decades these animals were replaced by mice and rats due to lower costs, ease of handling and observation of pathological, immunological and functional changes comparable to ARF/RHD patients (Table 1).…”

Section: Animal Models Of Arf/rhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Requirements for a Robust Animal Model to Investigate the Disease Mechanism of Autoimmune Complications Associated With ARF/RHD

Rafeek

Sikder

Hamlin

et al. 2021

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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The pathogenesis of Acute Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic Heart Disease (ARF/RHD) and associated neurobehavioral complications including Sydenham's chorea (SC) is complex. Disease complications triggered by Group A streptococcal (GAS) infection are confined to human and determining the early events leading to pathology requires a robust animal model that reflects the hallmark features of the disease. However, modeling these conditions in a laboratory animal, of a uniquely human disease is challenging. Animal models including cattle, sheep, pig, dog, cat, guinea pigs rats and mice have been used extensively to dissect molecular mechanisms of the autoimmune inflammatory responses in ARF/RHD. Despite the characteristic limitations of some animal models, several rodent models have significantly contributed to better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning features of ARF/RHD. In the Lewis rat autoimmune valvulitis model the development of myocarditis and valvulitis with the infiltration of mononuclear cells along with generation of antibodies that cross-react with cardiac tissue proteins following exposure to GAS antigens were found to be similar to ARF/RHD. We have recently shown that Lewis rats injected with recombinant GAS antigens simultaneously developed cardiac and neurobehavioral changes. Since ARF/RHD is multifactorial in origin, an animal model which exhibit the characteristics of several of the cardinal diagnostic criteria observed in ARF/RHD, would be advantageous to determine the early immune responses to facilitate biomarker discovery as well as provide a suitable model to evaluate treatment options, safety and efficacy of vaccine candidates. This review focuses on some of the common small animals and their advantages and limitations.

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